Amezruy n udayen n Lezzayer
Amezruy n udayen n Lezzayer d amezruy n tallit ideg dren udayen deg Lezzayer, seg tasut tamezzwarut n tlalit. Deg tasut tis 15, aṭas n udayen
يهود الجزائر
יהדות אלג'יריה ⵓⴷⴰⵢⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵣⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ les juifs d'Algérie | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leḥsab | |
| <200 (2012) | |
| Timnaḍin akked amur ameqqran n yimezdaɣen | |
| Lezzayer ladɣa Lezzayer tamanaɣt, Wehran, Tlemsan, Qsenṭina, Bgayet, At Mẓab..) | |
| Tutlayin | |
| taɛrabt tamaziɣt tafransist | |
| Ddin | |
| tudayt | |
| Igududen wid ay asen-yettilin | |
| Udayen imaziɣen |
isbenyuliyen id-irewlen seg uḥqar n yimasiḥiyen ardekal ɣelluy n Wandalus, rewlen-d ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa s umata, gar-asent Lezzayer n wassa, imi yessufeɣ-iten-iod udabu n Sbenyul d Burtuɣal, gar yiminihgen-a llan wudmawen meqqren deg ccreɛ ayahudi akka am Isḥaq ben Cicit d Simun ben Zemaḥ Duran.
Tewwi-d Lezzayer timunnent-is deg 1962, yeffeɣ-d lqanun yekksen tasɣent i akk wid ur nelli d inselmen imi assmi tella Fransa widdak akk llan d iṛumyen ḥala inseklmen ur nerbiḥ si lqwanin-nni. Udayen n Lezzayer, amur ameqqran deg-sen uɣalen d imezdaɣ ifransisen am wiyaḍ seg 1870, ffɣen si tmurt ɣer tama n yiḍarren iberkanen. Amur ameqqran deg-sen rran ɣer tama n Fransa, taggrayt rran ɣer Israyel. Ciṭ nni id-yeggran amur ameqqran deg-sen zedɣen deg Lezzayer tamanaɣt, Blida, Qsenṭina d Wehran.
Deg yiseggasen n 90, wid id-yeqqimen gemnen akka d rewlen si Lezzayer imi ugaden acu ara asen-yexdem rebrab i yeqwan imiren. Deg 1994, tarbaɛt n GIA tegmen ad tneɣ akk wid ur nelli ara d inselmen daxel n Lezzayer, ay-a iqenneɛ udayen ad inigen ɣer berra n tmurt. Deg useggas-nni, semmḥen udayen n Lezzayer di tecnuɣa-nsen taneggarut: Tacnuɣa n Lezzayer.
Amur ameqqarn n udayen n tefriqt n Ugafa unagen ɣer Fransa akken ad idiren deg-s mbla tuɣaltin, skud n wid akk yunagen di tallit-a taneggarut seg wudayen n Fransa ɣer Istrayel d udayen yesɛan iẓuran si temnaḍt n Tefriqt n Ugafa
Amezruy[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Tallit tamenzut n udayen n Lezzayer[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Yella wacu id-yettbegginen belli dren wudayen deg Lezzayer seg tallit tarumanit taneggarut (Mureṭanya Taqeyṣrit).Ufan-d cwahed deg kra n temnaḍin d annecta id-yemmalen belli llan kra n yimdanen i yḍefrren asɣan-a deg tallit n uqbel iseggasen n uqbel n tlalit. Timura ideg llan yimaziɣen sreḥben s wasɣanen imasiḥiyen d udayen uqbel ad texdem Rum. Ahuddu n ukafan wis sin n Uṛacalim sɣur Titus deg 70 ST, syin sɣur nnfaq n Kitus deg 117, iḥfez udayen akken ad rewlen ɣer tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa d temnaḍin tigrakalin. Tamurt tarustumit i yekkren deg Lezzayer tura belli teg tmanaɣt-is Tahert ufan-d udayen deg-s ti tazzwarra n tallit-nsen, ddren am akk timettiyin tudayin deg tmura tinselmin, iseggasen umbeɛd ufan-d deg Cairo Geniza (d tira ixedmen wudayen deg tallit n tmurt tafaḍmit) ismawen n waṭas n twaculin tudayin tizzayriyin.
Tallit s daw n leɛnaya n yinselmen[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg tallit tis 7, nnernant temnaḍin ideg ttilin udayen deg Tefriqt n Ugafa sɣur yimingen udayen id-irewlen ɣer Tefriqt n Ugafa seg tmuḥqranit n ugellid awisquti Sisebut d wid i t-id-iḍefren. Rewln ɣer Umeɣrib, i yellan imiren mazal-it d aḥric seg umenkud abiẓenṭi. Ur msefhamen ara imusnawen ɣef yiwet n tikti kra qqaren-d belli udayen ǧǧan-d later deg yimaziɣen leḥqn ad skecmen kra seg-sen ɣer wajjed-nsen. Deg tasut-nni, kecmen yinselmen ɣer umeɣrib kamel uwḍen ula ɣer nnefṣ n temcagzirt tibirit. Udayen yuɣalen tura s ddaw n leɛnaya n yinselmen ufan-d iman-nsen sdat n yibeddilen idelsanen akked Wandalus d utaram iqerben.
Syin, aṭas n udayen isafardimen terra-ten tmara ad inigen ɣer Lezzayer imi ḍefren-ten yimasiḥiyen ikatuliken n Sbenyul n Ktalunya, Balunsya d tegzirin n Baleyrik deg 1931 umbeɛd seg uqeddem n akk Sbenyul seg 1492. Rewlen ɣer tama n yinselmen imuriskiyen,uwḍen ɣerlmerṣat n Tefriqt n Ugafa xelḍen akked udayen yellan dinna si zik, deg tasut tis 16 llant wazṭas n tmettiyin tudiyin timeqqranin deg temdinin tizzayriyin akka am Wehran, Lezzayer tamanɣt d Bgayet, llan ula daxel n temdinin ur nesɛi swaḥel akka am Tlemsan d Qsenṭina kra deg-sen leḥḥun teddun armi d Mzab d Tugurt, s uɛmad n udabu ineslem.Kra n udayen n Wehran qqimen heddren akken llan xeddmen deg Wandalus ṭṭfen deg tutlayt-nsen i wumi qqaren Ladino armi id-tekcem fransa deg tasut tis 19.
Liḥala n yidrimen n udayen deg tallit taɛutmanit tella tgerrez mliḥ. Deg umenɣi afransis ɣef temdint n Lezzayer yessenker-itt-id akken idf-qqaren yiruimyen (tamentilt tusridt) imi Dey Ḥusin yella yebɣa ad ixelles udabu n Fransa terṭalt id-reḍlen sɣur sin n yimtejren udayen izzayriyen. Gar tasut tis 16 d tis 17, unagen udayen inesbaɣuren seg Livorno deg Ṭṭelyan ɣer Lezzayer.Teǧhed-d tmetti tudayt imi yeqwa usenzi d tiɣin gar umenkud aɛutmani d Turuft .Umbeɛd deg tasut tis 19, unagen-d waṭas n udayen isafgdimen seg temdin n Tiṭṭawan deg Lmeṛṛuk ɣer Lezzayer, sufɣen-d timettiyin timaynutin dinna ladɣa deg Wehran.
Lezzayer tafransist[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]
Deg 1830, dren wazal n 16.000 ɣer 17.000 n udayen deg Lezzayer. Kra qqaren-d llan wugar n 6500 deg-sen: 2,000 di Wehran, 3,000 di Qsenṭina, 1,000 di Tlemsan. Assmi yella udabu aɛutmani yefka-asen azeref n tuddra s ddaw n leḥkem n yidimyen, tuweḍ-d kan Fransa tekkes-it. Mi llan yinselmen ttnaɣen mgal Fransa llan udayen ḍefren iserdasn n Turuft imi walan belli ɣer tama-nsen i yella rrbeḥ macci ɣer tama n yinselmen.
Deg 1845, yesteɛref udabu afransis sleḥ^kem n tmettiyin, s tirrin n udayen ifransisen (wid yellan d ackinaziyen anamek-is d udayen n Turuft) d iqerra n yal tamnaḍt, maca terra-ten tmara ad qqimen d imḍeffren n Fransa ad ṭṭfen deg lqanun-is akken iwulem lḥal). Aɛassi yecban wa yessebgen-d acḥal bɣan udayen ifransisen ad awin "taɣeṛma" ɣer udayen izzayriyen imi ttamnen belli leɛwayed-nsen ifent tid n udzyen isafadiemen.
Annecta ibeddel assaɣen n udayen deg tmurt. Ttwaferqen sɣur axxam n uzref n yinselmen , ideg llan zikk ttwassnen am yidimmiyen, neɣ timetti tameẓẓyant i yef tesseḥbibir tmurt. Ɣef wannecta kkren-d udayen n Lezzayer mgal udayen agi n Fransa yebɣan ad idiren deg Lezzayer, tikwal tilint-d tɣewwaɣin, di krta n liḥalat nniḍen llan ttagain udayen izzayriyen ad meḍlen udayen ifransisen deg tmqebrin-nsen. Deg 1865, beddlen lqanun uɣ)alen yizzayriiyen inselmen d udayen zemren ad sutren taɣlent tafransist ma bɣan. Ciṭ kan i yxedmen annecta, imi llan cerḍen-d aḍegger d tittin n leḥwal-nsen d leɛwayed-nsen. Ɣer yizzayriyen wagi d lexdeɛ.
Adabu n Fransa yefka-asen i udayen talɣent tafran,sist deg 1870 nutni yella yuweḍ umaḍan-nsen imiren azal n 33,000 s lqanun n Krimyu, ma d inselmen ttwaḥeqqren armi dayen deg tmurt-nse, imi d tidet d imezdaɣ ifransisen macal ur sɛin ara talɣent, wid itt-yebɣan ilaq ad semmḥen di kullec ad beddlen akk tudert-nsen akken ad uɣalen am yifransisen nniḍen akken is-nnan wat zik : " d tameddurt n xneq ur neq "
. Ɣef wannecta teddun dima wudayen d yiḍarren iberkanen. Fkan-asen talɣent i udayen n Lezzayer imi nutni ttwalin-ten am imdanen iqburen bɣan ad-asen-d awin taɣeṛma.
Di yiwet n tsuta kan uɣalen udayen izzayriyen ur ttmleslayen ara taɛrabt neɣ Ldino uɣalen-akk ɣer tefransist, ṭṭfen-d aṭas seg yiodles afransis. Uɣalen rnan-d ɣer yiherrasen, maca xas akken ikemmel yimenɣi gar klaqanun n yisafaradiyen udayen d win n Fransa, ugin ad beddlen kra n tɣawsiwin deg-sen akka am leɛwayed n Zwaǧ.
Deg 1882, tekcem Fransa ɣer Mzab, yeḥseb udabu afransis udayen n unẓul d udayen war-taɣeṛma akka am yinselmen, ur ten-yeɛni ara Lqanun n Krimyu n 1870.Deg 1881, xedmen 30,000 n udayen imẓabiyen yellan imiren lqanun-nsen id-yetilin s ddaw n leɛnaya n uḥaxam , qqimen klan akenni ttwaḥesben am yinselmen maca tikwal irumyen ttakjen-asen kra n lemɛant akka d wakka.
Karuh n udauyen yennerna deg Lezzayer s unernni n unekcum n yiherrasen ifransisen yesɛan deg wallaɣen-nsen tiktiyin n Karuh n udayen anda ma llan, aṭas n tḥunza n ufdayen rɣant, udayen nḥafen aṭas deg tallit-nni, ugar n 158 n tḥuna tudayin rɣant, sin n udayen muten sebba n wannecta.