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Baruch Spinoza

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Baruch Spinoza
Tameddurt
Talalit Amesterdam, 24 Wamber 1632
Taɣlent Provinces-Unies (fr) Suqel
Tagrawn n uzdar Séfarade (fr) Suqel
Tutlayt tayemmat Tapurtugit
Lmut La Haye (fr) Suqel, 21 Fuṛaṛ 1677
Ideg n uẓekka Nieuwe Kerk (fr) Suqel
Tamentilt n tmekkest isragen igamanen (tasenfert)
Tawacult
Baba-s Miguel de Espinoza
Yemma-s Hanna Debora Marques
Tissulya akked aucune valeur
Tiɣri
Alma mater Tasdawit n Leyde
Tutlayin Talatint
Taɛebrit
Taṭelyant
Tafransist
Taspenyult
Tapurtugit
Tahulandit
Iselmaden Franciscus van den Enden (fr) Suqel
Inelmaden
Amahil
Amahil afelsuf, traducteur ou traductrice de la Bible (fr) Suqel, polisseur de lentilles (fr) Suqel, amussnaw n tsertit, grammairien (fr) Suqel d théologien ou théologienne (fr) Suqel
Ideg n umahil La Haye (fr) Suqel, Rijnsburg (fr) Suqel, Amesterdam d Voorburg (fr) Suqel
Important works Éthique (fr) Suqel
conatus (fr) Suqel
Influenced by René Descartes, Parménide (fr) Suqel, Moïse Maïmonide (fr) Suqel, Xénophane (fr) Suqel, Nikkolo Makiavelli, Ibn Ṭufayl, Nicolas Malebranche (fr) Suqel, Giordano Bruno (fr) Suqel, Francis Bacon (fr) Suqel, Thomas Hobbes, Averroès, Démocrite (fr) Suqel, Épicure (fr) Suqel, Lucrèce (fr) Suqel, Hasdaï Crescas (fr) Suqel, Ibn Sina, Platon d Aristot
Membership Collégiants (fr) Suqel
Amussu rationalisme (fr) Suqel
philosophie occidentale (fr) Suqel

Baruch Spinoza, yettwassen daɣen s yisem n Bento de Espinosa neɣ Benedictus de Spinoza, ilul ass n 24 Wamber 1632 di Amsterdam, yemmut ass n 21 Fuṛaṛ 1677 di Den Haag. Yella d amesnagay n Tmurt n Wadda uɣur tasnezgimt tesɛa tazrirt s wazal-is ɣef waziten n tillit dgi yedder d waṭas n wid it-id-iḍefṛen.

Spinoza yeɣra aṭas deg temẓi-s, ladɣa deg tgemmi n uselmed n Iyehuden (yeshiva). Yessin taɛebrit, talatinit akked tutlayt tahulandit. Yeɣra daɣen timucuha n Iyehuden akked tfelsuft.

Maca mi meqqer, yebda yettemseḥsab deg wayen yeqqar deg ddin. Yura tiktiwin ur nettqebbel ara tmetti tahudit n lweqt-nni. Deg useggas 1656, ṭṭerḍen-t seg tmetti n Iyehuden (herem).

Syin, yuɣal d afelyasuf ilelli, yettaru ɣef tfelsuft, tusna akked ddin. Ger wayen yura:

  • "Ethics" - adlis-is amenzu
  • "Theological-Political Treatise"
  • "Political Treatise"

Tiktiwin-is timenziyin:

  • Yenna-d belli Rebbi d ddunit d yiwen (monisme)
  • Yeqqar belli aqerru akked tfekka d yiwen
  • Yebɣa ad yefhem tidet s ubrid n tfelsuft, mačči s ubrid n ddin

Yemmut deg La Haye deg 1677. Ɣas akken ur t-qbilen ara deg tallit-is, yuɣal d yiwen seg ifelyasufen imeqqranen n umezruy.

  • tafelsuft n Spinoza:

Ɣef Rebbi d tusna:

  • Yenna-d belli Rebbi d ddunit d yiwen kan (Deus sive Natura). Ur yelli ara Rebbi sufella n ddunit, maca d ayen yellan deg yal taɣawsa.
  • Ɣur-s kullec iḍerru-d s tmentilt tussnant, ulac acu ara yeḍrun kan akka.
  • Yeqqar belli tamusni n tidet tettili-d s ubrid n tfelsuft d tusna, mačči s lebɣi neɣ s wawal kan.
  • Yenna-d belli ur yezmir ara ad yili Rebbi beṛṛa n ddunit, axaṭer Rebbi d ddunit d yiwen.
  • Yeqqar belli ayen yellan deg ddunit d aḥric seg Rebbi.
  • Ur yettamen ara deg talɣiwin n ddin i yeqqaren belli Rebbi yezga-d sufella n ddunit.
  • Yefka-d amedya: am waman deg yillel, yal taqqit d aḥric seg yillel meṛṛa.

Tikti tagejdant n Spinoza ɣef Rebbi d ddunit d tin yeqqaren belli Rebbi d ddunit d yiwen kan. Deg tfelsuft-is, ur yezmir ara ad yili Rebbi beṛṛa n ddunit, ur yezmir ara ad yili d ayen nniḍen. Tamuɣli-agi tettawi-d abeddel ameqqran deg wayen yeɛnan tanegmit n Rebbi d ddunit.

Deg twennaḍt n lqern wis 17, anda i yella Spinoza yeddar, tuget n yemdanen ttamnen belli Rebbi d win yellan beṛṛa n ddunit, yettṣerrif-itt seg ufella. Maca Spinoza yenna-d belli tikti-agi ur teɛdil ara. Ɣur-s, Rebbi mačči d win yettṣerrif-d ddunit seg beṛṛa, maca d ayen yellan deg ddunit s timmad-is.

Yefka-d Spinoza amedya yesshelen i ufham: yenna-d belli assaɣ ger Rebbi d ddunit am wassaɣ yellan ger yillel d waman yellan deg-s. Ur nezmir ara ad nini belli aman n yillel d ayen nniḍen ɣef yillel s timmad-is. Akken i d-yeqqar: yal taqqit deg yillel d aḥric seg yillel meṛṛa, daɣen yal taɣawsa deg ddunit d aḥric n Rebbi.

Yeqqar Spinoza belli Rebbi mačči kan d ayen yellan deg yal taɣawsa, maca d taɣawsa i yesɛan timental meṛṛa deg yiman-is. Aya yemgarad ɣef tikta n ddin i yeqqaren belli Rebbi d win yesɛan lebɣi, neɣ d win yettḥasaben amdan ɣef wayen yexdem. Ɣur Spinoza, Rebbi ur yesɛi ara lebɣi am win n umdan, maca d ayen yellan deg yal taɣawsa, deg yal amkan, deg yal akud.

Daɣen, deg tfelsuft-is, ur telli ara tmentilt taɣbalut d tmentilt taneggarut am wakken i tt-qqaren wiyaḍ. Ɣur-s, yal taɣawsa tesɛa tamentilt-is tussnant, ula d nettat s timmad-is d tamentilt i tɣawsa nniḍen. D ayen ara yawin ɣer tikti n tmussni tussant n ddunit meṛṛa.

Tikti-agi n Spinoza tbeddel aṭas timuɣliwin n yemdanen ɣef Rebbi. Wid i tt-yeɣran deg tallit-is ur tt-qbilen ara, ṭṭerḍen-t-id seg tmetti n Iyehuden. Maca tikti-agi tuɣal d tin i d-yufraren deg tfelsuft tatrart. Ula d Einstein yenna-d belli yettamen deg "Rebbi n Spinoza", anamek-is yettamen deg usatal ussnani n ddunit d yiwen.

Deg tfelsuft n Spinoza, ur ilaq ara ad nadi Rebbi beṛṛa n ddunit, maca ad t-nadi deg ddunit s timmad-is, deg yal taɣawsa i aɣ-d-yezzin. Yeqqar belli tamusni n tidet tettas-d seg ufham n wassaɣ-agi yellan ger Rebbi d ddunit, mačči seg wayen d-qqaren medden neɣ seg yiḍrisen kan.

Tiktiwin-agi n Spinoza ɣef wassaɣ ger Rebbi d ddunit mazal sɛant azal-nsent ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan assaɣ ger tusna d ddin, d wassaɣ ger umdan d ddunit i t-id-yezzin. Ttakent-d tamuɣli tamaynut i ufham n wassaɣ-agi, yemgaraden ɣef tin n ddin neɣ tin n tusna kan.

Deg taggara, tikti n Spinoza ɣef Rebbi d ddunit tella d tin yebnan ɣef tmentilt tussnant, mačči ɣef lebɣi n umdan neɣ ɣef wayen i as-yehwan. D ayen ara yawin ɣer ufham n ddunit s ubrid n tfelsuft d tusna, mačči kan s ubrid n ddin neɣ n wayen i d-qqaren medden.

Ɣef wemdan d nnefs:

  • Yenna-d belli aqerru d tfekka d yiwen kan (monisme), ur zmiren ara ad mfarqen.
  • Nnefs d tfekka tteddunt akken, ur tettili ara yiwet war tayeḍ.
  • Yefka azal i lebɣi n umdan akken ad yifrir, maca yeqqar belli ilaq ad yili s tmusni.

A-t-an uḍris ɣef tneqḍit tis kraḍ, ɣef wassaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka deg tfelsuft n Spinoza:

Spinoza yewwi-d tamuɣli tamaynut ɣef wassaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka deg tfelsuft-is. Yenna-d belli nnefs d tfekka d yiwen kan, ur zmiren ara ad mfarqen. Deg tallit-is, tuget n yemdanen ttamnen belli nnefs d tfekka d sin n yiḥricen yemgaraden, maca netta yefka-d tikti tamaynut.

Deg twennadt n lqern wis 17, tuget n ifelyasufen d wid yettamnen deg ddin qqaren-d belli nnefs d tfekka d sin n yiḥricen yemxallafen. Ttamnen belli tzemr ad tili nnefs weḥd-s, war tafekka. Maca Spinoza ur yeqbil ara tamuɣli-agi, yenna-d d takerca.

Tikti tagejdant n Spinoza d tin yeqqaren belli nnefs d tfekka d sin n wudmawen n yiwet n tɣawsa. Yefka-d amedya yesshelen i ufham: yenna-d belli mi ara yeḥṣel kra i tfekka, ad yeḥṣel i nnefs daɣen. Daɣen, mi ara yeḥṣel kra i nnefs, ad yeḥṣel i tfekka. Ur zmiren ara ad mfarqen.

Deg tfelsuft-is, yesbeggan-d Spinoza belli:

  1. Nnefs d tfekka d yiwen:
  • Ur nezmir ara ad nefru gar-asent
  • Tteddunt akken, ur tettili ara yiwet war tayeḍ
  • Ayen yeḥṣel i yiwet, yeḥṣel i tayeḍ
  1. Assaɣ gar-asent:
  • Mi ara yeɛyu wemdan deg tfekka-s, ad yaɛyu deg uqerru-s
  • Mi ara yili wemdan d ameɣbun, ad tḥulfu tfekka-s
  • Mi ara yili wemdan iferreḥ, ad tḥulfu tfekka-s s tumert
  1. Amedya n wassaɣ-agi:
  • Mi ara yebɣu wemdan ad yečč kra, d nnefs i t-id-yeqqaren, maca d tafekka i t-yettwalin
  • Mi ara yebɣu wemdan ad yeẓẓel, d nnefs i t-id-yeqqaren, maca d tafekka i t-yettḥulfun
  • Mi ara yebɣu wemdan ad yaru, d nnefs i t-id-yeqqaren, maca d tafekka i t-yettwalin

Tikti-agi n Spinoza tbeddel aṭas timuɣliwin n yemdanen ɣef wassaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka. Deg tallit-is, ur tt-qbilen ara aṭas n yemdanen acku tettawi-d abeddel ameqqran ɣef wayen ttamnen. Maca tafelsuft-is tuɣal d tin i d-yufraren deg tfelsuft tatrart.

Deg tfelsuft n Spinoza, ur ilaq ara ad nadi nnefs beṛṛa n tfekka, neɣ tafekka beṛṛa n nnefs. Ilaq ad tent-nwali d yiwen kan. Yeqqar belli tamusni n tidet tettas-d seg ufham n wassaɣ-agi yellan gar-asent, mačči seg wayen d-qqaren medden neɣ seg yiḍrisen kan.

Tiktiwin-agi n Spinoza ɣef wassaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka mazal sɛant azal-nsent ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan:

  • Tasnaksut (psychologie)
  • Tasnakud (médecine)
  • Tasenflest (psychiatrie)
  • Tussna n nnefs

Deg taggara, tikti n Spinoza ɣef wassaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka tella d tin yebnan ɣef:

  • Tamentilt tussnant
  • Urrif afilsuf
  • Tamuɣli tamaynut ɣef umdan

D ayen ara yawin ɣer ufham n wassaɣ-agi s ubrid n tfelsuft d tusna, mačči kan s ubrid n ddin neɣ n wayen i d-qqaren medden. Tiktiwin-is ṭṭfent abrid-nsent seg wasmi i tent-yura ar ass-a, ɣas akken ur t-qbilen ara deg tallit-is.

Ɣef lebɣi d tlelli:

  • Yeqqar belli ulac tilelli n lebɣi deg umdan acku kullec iḍerru-d s tmentilt tussnant.
  • Maca amdan izmer ad yaweḍ ɣer tlelli tameqqrant s tmusni n wayen i t-yezzuɣuren.
  • Mi ara yissin umdan timental n lebɣi-s, ad yuɣal d ilelli ugar.

Spinoza yebna tafelsuft-is ɣef yiwen usentel agejdan: tamentilt tussnant. Yeqqar belli ur d-tettili ara kra kan akka, maca yal taɣawsa tesɛa tamentilt-is tussnant. Tamuɣli-agi tessekcam abeddel ameqqran deg wayen yeɛnan tmusni d tidet.

Deg twennadt-is, tuget n yemdanen ttadren tidet seg wayen i sen-d-qqaren wiyaḍ neɣ seg yiḍrisen n ddin. Maca Spinoza yenna-d belli abrid-agi ur yettawi ara ɣer tmusni n tidet. Ɣur-s, tidet tettili-d kan s ubrid n tfelsuft d urrif amaynut.

Tikti-agi tbedd ɣef kraḍ n tɣawsiwin tigejdanin:

Tamezwarut: Ayen i d-yenna ɣef tmentilt tussnant. Yeqqar belli yal taɣawsa tesɛa tamentilt-is, u tamentilt-agi tezmer ad tettwafhem s ubrid n tfelsuft d tusna. Ur yettamen ara deg tɣawsiwin i d-yettilin kan akka, neɣ deg wayen ur nesɛi ara tamentilt. Ɣur-s, mi ara nefhem timental n tɣawsa, ad nefhem tidet ɣef-s.

Tis snat: Yeqqar belli tamusni n tidet tettili-d s ubrid n usnulfu n tiktiwin timeqqranin. Ur nezmir ara ad nefhem tidet s wawal kan neɣ s lebɣi, ilaq ad nsemres aqerru-nneɣ akken ad d-nesnulfu tiktiwin timeqqranin ara aɣ-yeǧǧen ad nefhem amek tleḥḥu ddunit.

Tis kraḍ: Ɣur-s, tamusni n tidet ur tezmir ara ad tili weḥd-s, maca tesriḍ ad tesserseḍ tiktiwin-ik ɣef kra n lsas. Lsas-agi d win n tmentilt tussnant d wayen i d-yenna ɣef wassaɣ ger Rebbi d ddunit.

Spinoza yefka-d daɣen tarrayt n tmusni yebnan ɣef kraḍ n yiswiren:

Aswir amezwaru: d win n tmusni i d-yettilin seg wayen nwala neɣ nesla. Ɣur-s, tmusni-agi ur telhi ara acku tezmer ad tesxerweḍ amdan.

Aswir wis sin: d win n tmusni i d-yettilin seg wayen nesselmad neɣ neɣra. Tmusni-agi telha ugar n tin tamezwarut, maca mazal ur d-tettawi ara ɣer tidet takmalt.

Aswir wis kraḍ: d win n tmusni tafelsufit. D tin i d-yettilin s ubrid n urrif d usnulfu n tiktiwin timeqqranin. D tin kan i yezmren ad tawi ɣer tmusni n tidet.

Tikti-agi n Spinoza ɣef tmusni d tidet tbeddel aṭas timuɣliwin n yemdanen. Imir-nni, tuget ttɣilen belli tidet tettili-d seg wayen i d-qqaren wiyaḍ. Maca netta yesken-d belli tidet tettili-d seg urrif d tfelsuft.

Deg tira-s, yefka-d Spinoza aṭas n yimedyaten ɣef wamek i tettili tmusni n tidet. Yenna-d belli ilaq ad nebdu seg wayen neẓra, syin ad nesnulfu tiktiwin timeqqranin ara aɣ-yeǧǧen ad nefhem timental n tɣawsiwin.

Tiktiwin-agi n Spinoza mazal sɛant azal ameqqran ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg wayen yeɛnan tussna d tfelsuft. Ssnent-aɣ-d amek ara nadi tidet s ubrid n urrif d tmusni, mačči kan s wayen i aɣ-d-qqaren wiyaḍ.

Deg taggara, tamuɣli n Spinoza ɣef tmusni d tidet d tin yebnan ɣef kraḍ n tɣawsiwin: tamentilt tussnant, urrif afilsuf, d wassaɣ ger tɣawsiwin. D ayen yeǧǧan tafelsuft-is ad tili d tin yeqqimen ar ass-a, d tin i aɣ-d-yemmalen abrid ɣer tmusni n tidet.

Ɣef tugdut d tmetti:

  • Yeqqar belli tametti ilaq ad tili d tagdudant.
  • Ilaq ad yili wassaɣ yelhan ger yimdanen.
  • Yefka azal i tlelli n urrif d tfelsuft akken ad tifrir tmetti.

Deg tfelsuft-is, Spinoza yefka azal ameqqran i tmetti d tugdut. Yeqqar belli tametti ilaq ad tili d tagdudant akken ad tifrir, u yesbeggan-d amek ara tili tugdut d tin igerrzen i yal amdan. Tamuɣli-agi tewwi-d abeddel ameqqran deg tallit-is.

Yesbeggan-d Spinoza kraḍ n tɣawsiwin tigejdanin ɣef tmetti d tugdut:

  1. Tilelli n urrif:
  • Yeqqar belli ilaq ad sɛun yemdanen tilelli deg urrif-nsen
  • Ur ilaq ara ad yili win ara ten-yeṭṭfen deg wayen ara xemmmen
  • Tilelli-agi d tin ilaqen i ufares n tiktiwin timeqqranin
  • Ur tezmir ara tmetti ad tifrir ma yella ur sɛin ara yemdanen tilelli n urrif
  1. Azref n tugdut:
  • Yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yesseqdec aqerru-s
  • Ur ilaq ara ad yili win ara t-yeṭṭfen deg wayen yettxemmim
  • Ilaq ad yili wassaɣ n tugdut gar yemdanen
  • Tilelli n umeslay d tin ilaqen i tmetti
  1. Assaɣ ger yemdanen:
  • Ilaq ad ilin yemdanen d iseɣyanen gar-asen
  • Ad ilin d inemhalen gar-asen
  • Ad msefhamen gar-asen
  • Ad ilin d imdukal gar-asen

Spinoza yefka-d daɣen tarrayt n tmetti tagdudant tebna ɣef:

  1. Tuddsa:
  • Tametti ilaq ad tili tesɛa tuddsa
  • Ad sɛun yemdanen izerfan-nsen
  • Ad sɛun yemdanen ccɣel-nsen
  • Ad sɛun yemdanen amkan-nsen
  1. Tasertit:
  • Tametti ilaq ad tili tesɛa tasertit
  • Ad tili d tagdudant
  • Ad tili tesɛa isuḍaf
  1. Ddunit:
  • Tametti ilaq ad tili tesɛa assaɣ d ddunit
  • Ad tili tesɛa tussna
  • Ad tili tesɛa tafelsuft
  • Ad tili tesɛa tawuri

Tiktiwin-agi n Spinoza ɣef tmetti d tugdut sɛant azal ameqqran ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg:

  • Tasertit
  • Tugdut
  • Izerfan n umdan
  • Tilelli n urrif

Deg taggara, tamuɣli n Spinoza ɣef tmetti d tugdut d tin yebnan ɣef:

  • Tilelli n urrif
  • Azref n tugdut
  • Assaɣ ger yemdanen
  • Tudsa n tmetti
  • Tasertit tagdudant

D ayen ara yawin ɣer tmetti igerrzen, mačči kan ɣer tmetti n wass kan. Tiktiwin-is ttbinent-d ass-a deg waṭas n yiḥricen n tussna d tfelsuft, ama deg wayen yeɛnan:

  • Amek ara tili tmetti d tagdudant
  • Assaɣ ger tussna d tmetti
  • Amek ara ilin yemdanen d iseɣyanen

Deg tagara, tikktiwin n Spinoza ɣef tmetti d tugdut d tid i aɣ-d-yemmalen abrid ɣer tmetti igerrzen, s ubrid n tussna d ufham n tidet, mačči s ubrid n wayen i as-yehwan kan i umdan neɣ i tmetti.

Ɣef tumert d tudert:

  • Yenna-d belli tumert d ayen yelhan i umdan.
  • Ilaq ad nefhem timental n wayen i aɣ-yesdukklen akked ddunit akken ad naweḍ ɣer tumert.
  • Tamusni n tidet tettak-d tumert.

Deg tfelsuft n Spinoza, tumert tesɛa amkan d ameqqran. Maca tumert ɣur-s temgarad ɣef wayen ttwalin yemdanen nniḍen. Yeqqar belli tumert ur d-tettili ara kan akka neɣ s wayen i as-yehwan i umdan, maca s tmusni d ufham n tidet.

Yesbeggan-d Spinoza belli tumert tettas-d seg kraḍ n tɣawsiwin tigejdanin:

  1. Tamusni n tidet:
  • Yeqqar belli tumert taḥeqqanit tettas-d seg tmusni
  • Mi ara yissin umdan tidet, ad yaweḍ ɣer tumert
  • Ur telli ara tumert deg wayen ur nefhim ara
  1. Ufham n ddunit:
  • Ilaq ad nefhem amek tleḥḥu ddunit i d-aɣ-yezzin
  • Mi ara nefhem timental n tɣawsiwin, ad naweḍ ɣer tumert
  • Ufham-agi yessawaḍ ɣer talwit n rrif
  1. Tamusni n yiman:
  • Ilaq ad nissin iman-nneɣ akken ad naweḍ ɣer tumert
  • Ad nefhem timental n lebɣi-nneɣ
  • Ad nefhem assaɣ-nneɣ d ddunit i aɣ-d-yezzin

Spinoza yefka-d daɣen tarrayt n tumert yebnan ɣef sin n yiswiren:

Aswir amezwaru: d win n tumert i d-yettilin seg wayen i as-yehwan i umdan, am wučči, tissit, atg. Ɣur-s, tumert-agi ur telhi ara acku ur tdum ara, daɣen tezmer ad d-tawi uguren.

Aswir wis sin: d win n tumert i d-yettilin seg tmusni d ufham. D tin kan i yezmren ad tduum, d tin i d-yettawin talwit i umdan.

Deg tfelsuft-is, yeqqar Spinoza belli amdan yezmer ad yaweḍ ɣer tumert s ubrid n:

  1. Tmusni:
  • Ad yissin tidet
  • Ad yefhem amek tleḥḥu ddunit
  • Ad yissin iman-is
  1. Urrif:
  • Ad yesseqdec aqerru-s
  • Ad yesnulfu tiktiwin timeqqranin
  • Ad yefhem timental n tɣawsiwin
  1. Assaɣ d wiyaḍ:
  • Ad yili wassaɣ yelhan d yemdanen
  • Ad yili wassaɣ yelhan d ddunit
  • Ad yefhem amek i tleḥḥu tmetti

Tiktiwin-agi n Spinoza ɣef tumert mazal sɛant azal ameqqran ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg:

  • Tasnaksut
  • Tussna n nnefs
  • Tafelsuft n tudert

Deg taggara, tamuɣli n Spinoza ɣef tumert d tin yebnan ɣef:

  • Tmusni n tidet
  • Ufham n ddunit
  • Tamusni n yiman
  • Assaɣ d wiyaḍ

D ayen ara yawin ɣer tumert taḥeqqanit, mačči kan ɣer tumert n wass kan. Tiktiwin-is ttbinent-d ass-a deg waṭas n yiḥricen n tussna d tfelsuft, ama deg wayen yeɛnan:

  • Amek ara yaweḍ umdan ɣer tumert
  • Assaɣ ger tmusni d tumert
  • Amek ara yili umdan d amestufu

Deg tagara, tikktiwin n Spinoza ɣef tumert d tid i aɣ-d-yemmalen abrid ɣer tumert taḥeqqanit, s ubrid n tmusni d ufham n tidet, mačči s ubrid n wayen i as-yehwan kan i umdan.

Tafelsuft-is tebna ɣef:

  • Tamentilt tussnant deg yal taɣawsa
  • Assaɣ ger Rebbi d ddunit
  • Assaɣ ger nnefs d tfekka
  • Azal n tmusni d tfelsuft
  • Tilelli s tmusni

Tiktiwin-is ṭṭfent abrid-nsent ɣer wass-a, ladɣa deg wayen yerzan:

  • Assaɣ ger tusna d ddin
  • Tamusni n nnefs d tfekka
  • Azal n tmusni deg tmetti
  • Tugdut d tlelli n urrif