Voltaire

Voltaire
fauteuil 33 de l'Académie française (fr) 2 Mayyu 1746 - 30 Mayyu 1778 ← Jean Bouhier (fr) - Jean-François Ducis (fr) → historiographe de France (fr) 1744 - 1750 ← Jean-Daniel Schoepflin (fr) - Charles Pinot Duclos (fr) →
Tameddurt
Isem-is ummid	François-Marie Arouet
Talalit	Paris, 21 Wamber 1694
Taɣlent	royaume de France (fr)
Tutlayt tayemmat	Tafransist
Lmut	Paris, 30 Mayyu 1778
Ideg n uẓekka	Panthéon (fr) abbaye de Sellières (fr)
Tawacult
Baba-s	François Arouet
Yemma-s	Marguerite d'Aumard
Tissulya akked	aucune valeur
Abusin	Émilie du Châtelet
Tiɣri
Alma mater	lycée Louis-le-Grand (fr)
Tutlayin	Tafransist
Amahil
Amahil	afelsuf, amedyaz, amezray, essayiste (fr) , dramaturge (fr) , autobiographe (fr) , diariste (fr) , juriste-poète (fr) , écrivain ou écrivaine de science-fiction (fr) , encyclopédiste (fr) , épistolier ou épistolière (fr) , amussnaw n tsertit d amaru
Important works	Candide, ou l'Optimisme (fr) Zadig ou la Destinée (fr) Zaïre (fr) Lettres philosophiques (fr) Dictionnaire philosophique (fr) L'Ingénu (fr) Le Fanatisme ou Mahomet (fr) Correspondance de Voltaire (fr) CORRESPONDANCE DE VOLTAIRE A FRÉDÉRIC II (fr)
Prizes	ẓer ordre Pour le Mérite pour les sciences et arts membre de la Royal Society  (3 Wamber 1743)
Influenced by	Blaise Pascal, Cicéron (fr) , Lucien de Samosate (fr) , Pierre Bayle (fr) , Ibn Ṭufayl, Nicolas Malebranche (fr) , Henri Saint Jean (fr) , Zoroastre (fr) , Confucius, Migel de Serbantes, William Shakespeare (mul) , Jean Racine (fr) , Platon, John Locke (fr) d Isaac Newton
Membership	Tkebbanit Tageldant Académie française (fr) Académie royale des sciences de Prusse (fr) Académie des sciences de Russie (fr) Académie royale suédoise des belles-lettres, d'histoire et des antiquités (fr) franc-maçonnerie (fr) Accademia della Crusca (fr)
Amussu	libre-pensée (fr) siècle des Lumières (fr) déisme (fr)
Surnames	Voltaire d Bénédictin
Taflest
Asɣan	ticcufert
IMDb	nm0901806

François-Marie Arouet, iwumi qqaren Voltaire, d amyaru afransis, yella daɣen d afelsafi ; ilul ass n 21/11/1694 di Paris, yemmut ass n 30/05/1778 ; yeǧǧa-d later meqqren deg lqern wis XIV imi d i d agensas n tfelsafit n tifawin, yerna yezga d netta i ḥemmlen iburrjwaten iṛumiyen ama qbel neɣ mi tɛedda tegrawla tafransist.

S ubrid-is i d-yewwi mgal tiṭṭurfa tamasɣant (n ddin), amennuɣ-is yeqqen ugar ɣer tissumḥa d tlelli n wawal. Ma d tira-s teṭṭef-d deg umezgun, tamedyazt, amzruy, d tsekla-nniḍen yebḍan ɣef wungalen d tmucuha anda i d-yeggar tikta-s tfelsafiyin. Aɣanib-s seg wid iqewwan, tikwal yeslusuy-as kra usaran ; aya merra yerra-t d yiwen seg imyura icaɛen nezzeh di lqern wis XIV. Yerna ar tura mazal-is seg wid i d-beddren medden s tuget.

Tudert-is

Voltaire yekcem deg tudert n yidles d tsertit zik. Yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha, d yimgraden i yessawalen ɣer tilelli. Ɣef ljal n tiktiwin-is timaynutin, yekcem ɣer lḥebs, syin ilaq ad yeǧǧ tamurt-is ad yeddu ɣer tmura nniḍen am Ingiliz. Dinna, yufa tiktiwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton, i yernan ɣer usikel n tfelsafit-is. Mi d-yuɣal, ikemmel amennuɣ-is mgal tasnareft(tadiktaturt) d temsizzelt n usɣan, yerna yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen.

Talalit d Tmeẓyant

Ilul deg temdint n Paris deg useggas n 1694, deg yiwet n twacult tameẓyant maca ur nelli d igellil. Isem-is aḥeqqi François-Marie Arouet. Yekcem ɣer uɣerbaz n yimassanen anda yelmed tasekla d tfelsafit. Zik i d-yemmel times n yiles-is, yella yesɛa amussu d tektiwin i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin timaynutin, i yessawalen mgal udabu n tgeldit.

Takurmut d Ubeddel n Yisem

Sabab n yimedyazen-is d wawalen-is i yessawalen mgal win ilan adabu, Voltaire yettwawwet ɣer tekurmut(lḥebs) n Bastille deg useggas n 1717. Deg takurmut-a, i yexdem isem-is amaynut Voltaire, yerna yura amezgun-is amezwaru i yessawalen Œdipe. Mi d-yeffeɣ, yuɣal d amusnaw yettwassnen deg Paris, maca yella yettnadi ɣef tilelli ur nelli deg tmurt-is.

Aserwel ɣer Ingiliz

Deg useggas n 1726, yekcem deg wemgaru d yiwen n uhaggar i yuran deg udabu. Akken ur itteddu ara ɣer takurmut tikelt nniḍen, yesserwel ɣer tmurt n Ingiliz. Tawella-a tbeddel-as tudert-is s lwudem ummid. Dinna, yufa-d timetti tatrart, tilelli n wawal, d tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Yelmed ɣef tugdut, ɣef uqader n tmuɣliwin n wiyaḍ, d wamek i yezmer udabu ad yili d amsawi. Mi d-yuɣal ɣer Fransa, yura idlisen i yessawalen ɣef wayen i yelmed deg Ingiliz, i yessawalen mgal udabu n Fransa, dɣa idlisen-is ttwakerhen, netta yerwel ɣer tmurt nniḍen.

Tudert deg Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet

Yufa-d rrefd deg temdint n Cirey akked Émilie du Châtelet, i yellan d tamussnawt tameqqrant deg tusnakt d tfizikt. Ttkemilen anadi deg tussniwin, deg tfelsafit, d wamek i yezmer umdan ad yissin agama s tameẓla. Tuɣalin-a d tallit n uselmed d unadi ameqqran, anda i yura aṭas n yimgraden ɣef tussniwin.

Tagelda n Prusse d Tuɣalin ɣer Fransa

Sakin n lmut n Émilie, Voltaire yedda ɣer tmurt n Prusse akked ugellid Frédéric II, i yellan d ameddukel-is. Maca, ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-is tilelliyin d yiles-is i yekkaten, ur qublen ara, ihi yerwel syin ɣer tmurt n Suisse.

Ferney d Umennuɣ ɣef Teɣdemt

Yezdeɣ deg temdint n Ferney, tama n tmurt n Suisse, i wazal n 20 n yiseggasen. Dinna, yuɣal d amerkanti, yerna yella yettara taɣdemt i wid yettwakerhen s yisem n usɣan neɣ udabu. Am temsalt n Jean Calas, anda i yennuɣ s tezmert-is akken ad d-yerr tamsawit i yiwen n urgaz yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa. Yura aṭas n yidlisen am Candide d Umawal afelsafi, anda i yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef temsizzelt d temḥeqranit.

Taggara d Usmekti

Deg useggas n 1778, yuɣal ɣer Paris anda i t-qublen medden am umsellek, am uzamul n tilelli d tmeẓla. Maca, yemmut cwiṭ n wussan sakin. Ɣef sebba n tiktiwin-is, ur t-anflen ara ad yettwamḍel deg tmeqbert n yimasiḥiyen. Maca, deg tagrawla tafransist, asirem-is yuɣal d tilawt asmi i ttwaqqen iɣsan-is ɣer Panthéon, am uzamul n tilelli d wemdan i yennuɣen ɣef uzref n wawal d tamsawit.

Tiktiwin-is Tigejdanin

Tilelli n wawal d usmeslay:

Voltaire yumen belli yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra. Yettwassen s wawal-is i d-yettwanan: "Ur qebleɣ ara ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad nnaɣeɣ s tezmert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ tilelli ad t-iniḍ."

Tilelli n wawal d umeslay d yiwen seg yimukan igejdayen yakk deg tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwali belli tmetti ur tezmir ad tennerni, ur tezmir daɣen ad taweḍ ɣer tidet, war ma yal amdan yesɛa azref ad yini tiktiwin-is war ma yegged kra n wemciwer neɣ n uɛaqeb.

Amesten n tiktiwin n wiyaḍ

Voltaire yumen belli amennuɣ n tiktiwin s wawal d amennuɣ n talwit, yerna d netta i d abrid awḥid ɣer tidet. Tikti-s tameqqrant tettwagzem deg wawal-is ameqqran i yuɣalen d azamul deg umaḍal: "Ur qebleɣ ara tikti-k neɣ ayen i d-teqqareḍ, maca ad fkeɣ tudert-iw akken ad tesɛuḍ azref ad t-teqqareḍ." S wawal-a, yessaweḍ ad yezzi i yiri n tfelsafit, imi yerra tilelli n wawal d azref amaɣlal i yal amdan, ɣas ma tiktiwin-nni mgal tid-is.

Amennuɣ mgal tadrest

Deg tallit-is, adabu n tgeldit s wallal n usɣan yella yesseqdac tadrest ɣef yidlisen, yimgraden d yimeslayen. Voltaire yennuɣ mgal tadrest-a s tezmert-is meqqren. Yettwali belli tadrest d amrig n yidiktaturen akken ad ḥekmen timetti s wudm ur nelli d amsawi, ad rren talast ɣef wallaɣ n umdan. I lmend n waya, yura aṭas n yidlisen, timucuha d yimgraden s yismawen uffiren akken ad d-iwet ɣef udabu war ma yeɣli deg ufus n teɣdemt-nsen ur neṣfa, yerna akken ad yaweḍ wawal-is ɣer yimdanen.

Awal ilelli d amrig mgal tadankit

Deg tmuɣli-s, tilelli n wawal mačči d tanila kan i yimassanen neɣ i yimussnawen, maca d amrig amezwaru i umennuɣ mgal tadankit, temḥeqranit . Yumen belli ma yella wawal ilelli, imdanen ad izmiren ad skeflen tuccḍiwin n udabu, ad sutren taɣdemt, yerna ad snernin tussniwin. Awal ilelli d tafat i yessefk ad ifet tilas n wallaɣ, ad yili d amrig i wid yettwakerhen akken ad hudden asurif n yidiktaturen.

Tazrirt-is deg umaḍal atrar

Ass-a, tiktiwin n Voltaire ɣef tilelli n wawal llant d lsas n yizerfan n umdan. Timendawin n tugdut deg waṭas n tmura sɛant tanila-a am uzref agejdan. Kra n umdan i yennuɣen ass-a ɣef uzref-is ad yini ray-is, ad yeffeɣ ɣer ubrid ad yessuter azref-is, neɣ ad yaru deg yiẓeṭwan inmettiyen war ma yegged, yessaɣ tafat ɣef tfelsafit n Voltaire. Yettwaggez belli war tilelli n wawal, ulac tugdut, ulac taɣdemt, yerna ulac tanmert n tmetti.

Tilleli n usɣan:

Yenkeṛ tamḥeqranit gar yimdanen ɣef tmentilt n usɣan. Yura aṭas ɣef usentel-a akken ad immel belli asɣan ur ilaq ad yili d sebba n yimenɣi neɣ n temḥeqranit, yerna yal amdan yesɛa tilelli ad yaf aman-is deg usɣan i yextar.

Voltaire yumen belli asɣan ur ilaq ara ad yili d amrig n temḥeqranit, n tmettant neɣ n temsizzelt. Yura aṭas n yidlisen akken ad yessenqed ɣef temsalt-a, ladɣa tiwen udlis ɣef uqader n tlleli n usɣan, i yura deffir temsalt n Jean Calas. Argaz-a yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, yettwanɣa ɣef sseba usɣan-is. Dɣa, Voltaire yekker s tezmert-is mgal yisɣanen i yettaɣen adabu akken ad ḥekmen imdanen, ad ten-ssensen, neɣ ad ten-nɣen. Yessuter tilelli n tefrit, akken yal amdan ad yili d ilelli ad yamen s wayen i yextar, ad yefk azal i yisɣanen nniḍen war ma yegged kra n uɛaqeb. Yettwali belli imdanen meṛṛa d atmaten, d irawsanen zdat ugama, ur ilaq ara ad mgaraden neɣ ad mnaɣen ɣef sseba n tmuɣliwin-nsen ɣef Yakuc.

Talayakit d Amgarad gar Usɣan d Udabu

Tikti-s tameqqrant tella d amgarad ameqqran gar usɣan d udabu n uwanek. Yettwali belli ilugan n tmetti ur ilaq ara ad rsen ɣef yidasilen n usɣan. "Ssefsex tuɣrist" d awal-is ameqqran i yessawel akken ad yekkes tadankit n yimawalen n usɣan i yessawalen ɣer temsizzelt d yimenɣi. I Voltaire, asɣan ilaq ad yili deg wul n umdan d tefrit-is, mačči deg yisuɣan n udabu neɣ deg yilugan n teɣdemt. Awanek ilaq ad yili d amsawit gar yimdanen meṛṛa, acku asɣan-nsen yemgarad.

Aamuɣli-is ar Uẓayer n Usɣan deg Tmetti

Voltaire ur yelli ara d arakucan. Yella yettamen s Yakuc, maca s wudem n "usɣan agamawan". Yettwali Yakuc am umaskar amuqran i yexelqen amaḍal, syin yeǧǧa-t akken ad yeddu s yilugan n ugama d tussna. Ur yumin ara s yisɣanen yettwasanulfan s yimdanen, s yimira-nsen d tkerkas-nsen.

Maca, ɣer Voltaire, asɣan ila tanfa tameqqrant deg tmetti i usenqed n imdanen. Yura: "Ma ur yelli ara Yakuc, ilaq ad t-snulfu tmetti". Yumen belli tikti n uɛaqeb n Yakuc deffir lmut d tin i yettḥettimen imdanen ad xedmen ayen yelhan, ad ḥadren ɣef yir tigawin, d tin i yettawin talwit gar medden. Asɣan, deg tmuɣli-s, d allal iwatan i tmetti akken ad teḥkem ɣef yir imdanen i ur nettaɣ ara i yilugan n tmetti.

I yimegziyen d yimusnawen, tameẓla d tussna ad ten-yawin ɣer tidet d tumert. Maca i tmetti s umata, i medden ur nelmid ara aṭas, asɣan d amrig iwatan akken ad yili unagraw, taɣdemt d tmsawit.

Tameẓla d Umeɣẓan:

Yettwali belli tameẓla d tafat i yessefk ad taweḍ yal amdan akken ad yefru uguren n tmetti, mačči d asɣan neɣ tarrayin tiqburin i yesderɣlen ɣef wallaɣ n umdan.

Deg tfelsafit n Voltaire, tameẓla d umeɣẓan llan d amrig agejdan i yessawalen ɣer usnerni n tmetti. Voltaire yella d amaru d umesnaw i yessqedcen tameẓla akken ad yerr tilas i tawaresnit, i war taɣdemt, d temḥeqranit. Deg "Tallit n Tafat", ameɣẓan yella d tafat i yessefk ad ifet tillas n wallaɣ, ad yili d lsas n yal tanfa deg tmetti.

Tameẓla mgal Tawaresnit d Timucuha

Voltaire yumen belli aselmed n tawaresnit d timucuha yellan s wudem adugmati d nutni i d sebba n yimenɣi, n temettant, d temḥeqranit gar yimdanen. Yennaɣ s tezmert-is mgal wid i yessawalen ɣer tmuɣliwin tiderɣalin ur nesɛi ara lsas ameɣẓan. I netta, allaɣ n umdan ilaq ad yili d ilelli, ad yettnadi ɣef tidet s useqdec n umeɣẓan, mačči ad yamen s wayen ur neṣfi ara neɣ s wayen i yessawal kan ɣer tugdi. Tameẓla i Voltaire d amrig i yessefk ad yekkes aɣumu i yimdanen, ad ten-yerr d imassanen n tmeddurt-nsen, mačči d aklan n yimuhal neɣ n yimawalen n usɣan.

Tirmit d Tussna

Tikti-s ɣef umeɣẓan teffaɣ-d s waṭas seg yimusnawen am John Locke d Isaac Newton. Voltaire ur yumin ara s tiktiwin tuɣrisin i d-yekkan seg igenni neɣ seg wallaɣ war ma llan ɣer-sent inagan deg tilawt. Yettwali belli tamusni tettekk-d seg tirmit d ussan n ugama. Tussna d umeɣẓan llan d yiwen, imi tameẓla ur tezmir ad taweḍ ɣer tidet war ma tessaɣ tafat ɣef wayen i yettwalan s wallen d wayen i yettwarmaten deg tilawt. Yessaweḍ ad yessenɣes ɣef tmuɣliwin n yimusnawen iqburan i yessawalen ɣer tussna ur nesɛi ara inagan, yerna yefka azal ameqqran i ussan amaɣlal d tussniwin titrarin i yessawalen ɣer usnerni n tmetti.

Ameɣẓan deg Unagraw n Teɣdemt

I Voltaire, ameɣẓan ur yelli ara d awal kan n tfelsafit i yimassanen, maca d amrig amezwaru i usali n tmetti tatrart d teɣdemt. Yessuter ad yili unagraw n teɣdemt yersen ɣef yilugan imaɣẓanen, mačči ɣef yilugan n usɣan neɣ n udabu aqbur. Mi yennaɣ ɣef temsalt n Jean Calas d waṭas n temsal nniḍen, yessaweḍ ad yesseqdec tameẓla akken ad d-yerr tamsawit, ad yessenɣes ɣef wid i yessawalen ɣer temettant ɣef ljal n tmuɣliwin-nsen ur nesɛi ara lsas. Yettwali belli taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit d tin i yessawalen ɣer tadankit, ihi ilaq ad tili tameẓla d tin i yessawalen ɣer yilugan i yessawalen ɣer tmsawit gar yimdanen meṛṛa.

Tilelli n Wallaɣ d Tameẓla

Tameẓla ur tezmir ad tennerni deg tallit n tadrest. Voltaire yumen belli akken ad yili umeɣẓan d amagnu, ilaq ad yili wawal ilelli. Ma yella udabu yessawal ɣer tadrest n yidlisen d tiktiwin, allaɣ n umdan ad yili d akli. I lmend n waya, amennuɣ-is mgal tadrest d amennuɣ ɣef tilelli n umeɣẓan akken ad yaweḍ yal amdan ɣer tmusni. Tameẓla teḥwaǧ tallunt tilellit akken ad temɣer, ad tennerni, yerna ad taweḍ ɣer tidet.

Taɣdemt d Tamsawit

Yennaɣ mgal taɣdemt ur nelli d tamsawit. Yessaweḍ ad yerr taɣdemt i yiwen umdan yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfa, i yessawalen ɣer ubeddel n unagraw n teɣdemt.

Deg tfelsafit n Voltaire, taɣdemt d tamsawit mačči d awalen kan n tzerfant, maca d amennuɣ n yal ass mgal tadankit, d temḥeqranit. Voltaire yettwali belli timetti ur tezmir ad tili deg-s talwit ma ur yelli ara unagraw n teɣdemt i yessawalen ɣer tmsawit gar yimdanen merra, yerna ara yemmestnen ɣef izerfan-nsen igejdanen.

Taɣdemt Tamsawit mgal Ttar d Uɛaqeb

Deg tallit n Voltaire, taɣdemt tella deg ufus n yimawalen n usɣan d yigelliden. Ilugan llan s wudem n ttar, aɛaqeb d tignawin n temettant llan d ayen yezgan deg yisuɣan n udabu. Voltaire yekker s tezmert-is mgal unagraw-a. Yettwali belli taɣdemt ilaq ad ters ɣef umeɣẓan d talsawit, mačči ɣef tugdi neɣ ɣef urrif n yimḥekmen. Yessuter ad ttwakksent tignawin n uɛaqeb i yellan d tignawin s wudem n tbarbarit, yerna yessuter ad yili umdan d amelsi alamma tettwabeggen-d tuccḍa-s s yinagan d tammunt yeṣfan. I netta, azref ur ilaq ara ad yili d amrig n uɛaqeb, maca d allal i usenqed n tmetti d umesten n yimdanen.

Tamsalt n Jean Calas: Amedya n Umennuɣ ɣef Tidet

Tamsalt i yessawalen i Voltaire ad yili d azamul n teɣdemt deg umaḍal, d tamsalt n Jean Calas. Argaz-a, i yellan d aprutistani, yettwakerhen s uzref ur neṣfi ara belli yenɣa memmi-s ɣef tmentilt n usɣan-is. Yettwaḥkem ɣef temettant war ma tella kra n tammunt neɣ n inagan neɣ kra n wanza. Mi yesla Voltaire i temsalt-a, yekker ad yennaɣ mgal yinezrafen d yimḥekmen i yexedmen tadankit-a. Yura idlisen, yura tibratin i yigelliden d yimusnawen n tmura nniḍen, alamma yessaweḍ ad yerr tamsawit i twacult n Calas, yerna yessenɣes ɣef yisem-is. Tigawt-a temmel-d belli Voltaire ur yelli ara d amusnaw i yeqqimen kan deg uxxam-is, maca d amennuɣ i yessawalen ɣer tidet, i yettaɣen abrid akken ad yerr azref i wid yettwakerhen.

Tamsawit Tugamant d Tazerfant

Ɣef tamsawit, Voltaire yesɛa tamuɣli telqay. Yumen belli imdanen merra d irawsanen zdat ugama, yerna sɛan izerfan igejdanen am tilelli n wawal, tilelli n tefrit, d uzref n umesten. Maca, yella yessen belli tmetti tesɛa tisurin yemgaraden, yerna ur yumin ara belli tamsawit tadamsant tezmer ad tili s lekmal-is. I netta, tamsawit i yessutur mačči d tamsawit n tedrimt neɣ n wayla, maca d tamsawit zdat teɣdemt d yilugan. Amerkanti neɣ agellil, amasiḥi neɣ arnaflas, merra ilaq ad sɛun izerfan kifkif zdat unezraf, yerna ilaq ad ttwaggen s yilugan i yessawalen ɣer tmsawit, mačči s yilugan i yessawalen ɣer temḥeqranit.

Tazrirt-is deg Unagraw Atraru n Teɣdemt

Tiktiwin n Voltaire ɣef teɣdemt d tmsawit sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg unagraw azerfan n umaḍal n wass-a:

Tazrirt n tfelsafit-is deg umaḍal atrar

Tiktiwin n Voltaire sɛant tazrirt tameqqrant deg umaḍal n wass-a:

Izerfan n Umdan: Tiktiwin-is ɣef tilelli d tamsawit llant d lsas n uswenni agreɣlan n yizerfan n umdan d uɣerman.

Tugdut d Talayakit: Abrid i yeldi ɣer tugdut d talayakit, akken ad yili umdan d ilelli deg tmetti-is, ad yili umgarad gar usɣan d udabu.

Tagrawla Tafransist: Imelwiyen d yimussnawen n tagrawla tafransist ssemersen tiktiwin-is akken ad sneflen anagraw aqbur n tgeldit, ad snulfun tagduda.

Ayen yura

Elémens de la philosophie de Neuton, 1738

Tifelseft :

• Tibratin teflsafiyin (Lettres philosophiques), 1734
• Awal ɣef tissumḥa (Traité sur la tolérance),1763
• Amawal afelsafi (dctionnaire philosophiques), 1764

Amezruy :

• Tin ugellid Henri (La Henriade), 1728
• Amezruy n Charles XII (L'histoire de Charles XII) ? 1731
• Lqern n l Louis XIV(Le siècle de Louis X1V),1751
• Awal ɣef wansayen (Essai sur les mœurs), 1741

Ungalen/Timuchuha :

• Zadig, 1747
• Candide, 1759
• Micromégas (1752)
• Ameḥruc (lIngénu),1767

Tamedyezt' :

• Isefra ifelsafiyi d isefra isatranen (Poèmes philosophiques et poèmes satiriques),
• Asefru ɣef twaɣit n Lisbun (Poème sur le désastre de Lisbonne), 1756

Tibratin : 6000