Tutlayt tanumidt
| Tutlayt tanumidt | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ingalen n tutlayt | |
| ISO 639-3 |
nxm |
| Glottolog |
numi1241[1] |
Tutlayt n Numidya (s tifinaɣ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵜ) neɣ Tanumidit d tutlayt akk-d isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt yettmeslayen deg Numidya. Aḍris swayes i tettwaru, isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt (seg-s daɣen i d-tekka Tifinaɣ), qrib ad yettwafser s lekmal-is, yerna isekkilen-ines (agar kra seg-sen seg kra n temnaḍin) sεan azalen yettwasnen. Iḍrisen n Tanumidit ttwaseqdacen ladɣa seg awines wis 3 u qbel n tallit-nneɣ (UT) ar awines wis 3 n tallit-nneɣ deg Tafriqt n Ugafa.
Ilaq ad d-nesmekti—akken daɣen ara d-yessekfel ṣṣwab—belli ɣer imaziɣen n tallit-nneɣ, Tamaziɣt Taqburt, ɣas akken tbeddel deg tmawalt, teqqim s umata am akken tella zik deg usebded n tjerrumt. Ayagi yeǧǧa tamaziɣt taqburt ad tili am tmaziɣt ay ttmeslayen ass-a deg Tefriqt n Ugafa s kra n temgaradin timnaḍin timecṭuḥin; ayagi yessefham acimi imussnawen zemren ad d-afen anamek n issekkilen n tmaziɣt taqburt s useqdec n tmaziɣt tatrart.
Tantaliwin d wassaɣ-nsent d tutlayin nniḍen tiqburin
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tantaliwin d yiḍrisen iberraniyen
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Yettwassen belli yella umgired n usaru gar tamaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram d tin n wenẓul.
Ma ad nebdu seg tmurt n Leqbayel (i yellan deg zik-nni temnaḍt yemxalafen), timnaḍin n usamer armi d ayen yellan ɣer tama n utaram n Tunes, d timnaḍin n utaram n Libya llan sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n usammar, ma d timnaḍin n utaram armi d wasif n Melwit, tmurt n Lmerruk, ttmeslayen s tntaliwin n Numidya n usammar yerna sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n utaram i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas yerna mazal ur yettwasfeḍ ara.[2] Tantala n Numidya n usammar tella tesεa aṭas n tazrirt n tutlayt n Qerṭaj ugar n tmaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram, yerna Tantala n Numidya n utaram tella meqqret deg turdert-is ɣef tin n Numidya n utaram.[3] S umata, tutlayt tamaziɣt i yellan ttmeslayen deg Numidya tella tesεa assaɣ n tutlayt n Qerṭaj, d acu kan aya ibeddel asmi ay d-uwḍen iṛumyen. Tanumidit d kra n wawalen n Tmaziɣt Tatrart sɛan assaɣ n taspenyult n zik, uqbel ad d-awḍen Iṛumyen ɣer Spanya, d tutlayin nniḍen tiqdimin, ur nettemcabi ara, i yellan deg Turuft , Asya tamecṭuḥt, Iran n zik.[4][5]
Tutlayin nniḍen n tmaziɣt taqburt neɣ icuban ɣer tmaziɣt
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Ur yettwassen ara aṭas ɣef tmuɣliwin n tmaziɣt taqburt deg Numidya imi ula d yiwet deg-sent ur tettwasfeḍ akken ilaq, yerna anagar kra n yisebtar n iẓekwan n usammar n Numidya, ula d yiwet seg tira n tutlayt taqburt n Numidya ur tettwafhem. Yezmer lḥal, yerna tikwal yettwaḥsab d akken d ayagi i d lḥal, d akken tutlayt n tmurt n Muriṭanya n zik (Lmerruk n tura) tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasemlayen s waṭas deg Numidya, ɣas akken drus neɣ ulac tiɣriwin ɣef tutlayt yettwasemlayen deg Muritanya.[6]
Deg wazal n 500 un tallit-nneɣ, aṭas n aṭas n imaziɣen i d-yemmugren seg ugafa ɣer tiniri, , d yiwet n temnaḍt i deg llan yimezdaɣ n tmurt n Gaɛtuliyen.[7] Ɣas akken tamnaḍt ideg llan zedɣen ur d-tban ara kra n tira, dɣa ur tettili ara deg wayen i nessen ɣef Numidya, yettwassen belli Plinius amɣar yura belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan n tiniri tella tettemcabi mliḥ akk d tin n Numidya, s wakka i d-yettban belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasmeslayen di Numidya.[8]
Asenfar d usnulfu
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Leqdic ɣef ussefhem n tira n tutlayt i yettmeslayen deg Numidya mazal ur ifukk ara, ɣas akken deg yiseggasen ineggura kra n yimnadiyen ɛerḍen ad d-rren imeslayen-is s useqdec n usekkil n Tanumidt ɣer tama n tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart. Amur ameqran seg tira-nni i d-yeqqimen d iḍrisen n tmeḍrit, yerna ttabaɛen tawsit n "X w-Y" (X mmi-s n Y). "BNS" d awalen i d-yettuɣalen s waṭas deg tira-yagi, i d-yeqqaren ahat "aẓekka n". Aṭas n wawalen i yesεan “H” deg taggara-nsen, ur iban ara lxedma-nsen.
Kra n yiẓra n iẓekwan sbeggen-d awal yemgaraden gar sin n yismawen n imdanen, yettwafhamen d awal n twacult ma nmuqel ɣef awalen n Tmaziɣt: “wlt” "yelis n" (s Tmaziɣt tatrart wəlt) d, ugar n tikwal, mt "tammat (n)" (ma Tuareg amaynut). Am tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart, "ta-...-t" tessawal-d i talɣa n tmeṭṭut n wawal s usekkil n “H” yettwaseklen ɣer taggara.[9]
Deg isekkilen n Dougga llan kra n yismawen isertanen i d-yettwasemman, am "gld" i izemren ad d-yettwasuqel s wawal n tamaziɣt tamaynut "agellid"[10] i d-yekkan seg wawal n tamaziɣt taqburt "a-gəllid". Kra n imyagen i d-yettwaseknen mebla ccekk deg isekkilen-nni yemxallafen.
Aserwes d tamaziɣt tatrart, d ayen i d-yesskanen belli “ṣkn”, ahat yettwarun s "eṣ(ə) k-n” s lsas n umgerrad n tmaziɣt tatrart, d-yeqqaren “esken” neɣ "yebna", ilaq ad yettwasqerdec d ṣk "yebna" rnu -n, i d-yettakken aseɣwen n umdan wis tlata deg umyag (-en).[11][12]
Tanumidt tesskanay-d yerna tebḍa amur ameqran neɣ akk n tesɣunin-nnes "n" akked "d" s Tmaziɣt tatrart, ɣer yidis n tesɣunin yemgerraden, am "ta...-t", "m-".[13]
Amedya n tsuqilt s useqdec n tikli-a yezmer ad d-yettwabder deg yiwen n uḥric seg tira n Numidya i d-yeɣran "Msnsn. gldt. w-gjj".[ "Msnsn" d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen ma d "gldt" d awal i ugellid. Taggara, "w-gjj", neɣ “win i d-yeǧǧa”, anamek-is "mmi-s n Gaïa".[14]
S wakka, ma yeεreḍ ad yessuqel aḍris n Numidya s tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart d tamaziɣt tazwart, ad d-yini "Mass-nsen agellid, win i d-yeǧǧa (mmi-s n) Gaïa". 24][22]
Ma yella tasuqilt n "SBS" (asebbas) deg uḍris n Thugga d "aseggas", d tidett, ihi aya yebɣa ad d-yini belli talɣa n "ww" tamaziɣt taqburt i d-yernan d "gg" neɣ "gw" deg waṭas n tutlayin tamaziɣt tatrart tella d "bb" neɣ "bw" deg Numidya. Ayagi yella kan deg Tẓẓungiyya (Tutlayt tamaziɣt yellan ɣef yiri n tmettant ttmeslayen-tt luluf n medden deg deg Muriṭanya tatrart d ugafa n Senegal) d kra n yimedyaten n teqbaylit deg tallit tatrart anda, ilaq ad d-nesmekti, belli tikwal "aseggas" yettwaru "aseggwas".[15]
Tuẓẓungiyya tella d yiwet seg tutlayin n tmaziɣt i d-yeffɣen seg wegraw n tmaziɣt taqburt, yerna mazal-itt tesɛa aṭas aṭas n tɣawsiwin tiqburin, nnig n useqdec n talɣa-a deg Numidya, yezmer ad d-yini dakken deg usnerni n tutlayin timaziɣin "ww" yuɣal d "bʷ" syin d "gʷ".
Tiwtilin n yisem
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Ismawen n Numidiyen s umata ttɛeddayen ɣef yiwet n tikti n yisem yemseqdacen, maca yettwassen akken iwata, i d-yellan deg tallit n zik akked tallit n tlemmast. Ɣas akken mačči d aya i yella dima, aya yella-d ladɣa i yigensasen neɣ imḍebbren imeqranen. Amek i t-yexdem yella d ayen isehlen: Amyag deg umdan wis 3 + ismawen n umdan d afiks (usrid neɣ ur nelli ara usrid) deg talɣa n usget n umdan wis 3 (y/itt-X-nitni/nitni).[16]
D amedya, isem n Yugar-iten yella-d am "y-uger-ten" ( win i ten-yugaren ), ma d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen (MSNSN s Tmaziɣt taburt)[17] yella-d d "mas-nsen" (mass nsen). Aṭas n leqdic ɣef tutlayt n Numidya i yexdem Salem Chaker, s leqdic-is i d-yefka afus deg usekles n kra n wawalen deg tutlayt s usekles n yismawen yettwasnen.[18]
Awalen yettwasnen
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]D ayen ay d-iteddun d asemgerrad gar kra n wawalen n Numidya yettwasnen s tmuɣli n tutlayin n imaziɣen n ugafa n wass-a akk-d n Tamashek. Awalen i d-yettwasnen s usekkil yettwarun deg tewsitin. Awalen i d-yettwaseknen s ddaw-as, d wid i d-yettwakksen seg yismawen n Numidya.
| Numidian | Tutlayin n tamaziɣt n ugafa | Tutlayin Tuareg |
| Tiɣriwin tisertanin d yismawen n uxeddim | ||
| GLD (a-gəllid) | agellid | amănokal |
| TGLT(H) (Ta-gəllit) | Tagellidt or Tagellit | tamănokalt |
| MNKD(H) (amenkad) | amenkad | |
| MSWH (amsiweɣ?) | aserdas | əssărdasi |
| GLDMṢK (a-gellid ameṣka) | agellid imeska | amănokal, ălbănna |
| NBBN (inababen?) | imahalen, yixeddamen | imǝsɡuyya |
| MWSN(H) (amawsan) | amussnaw | |
| GẒB (agẓab) | Ur yettwassen ara, yezmer lḥal d "amsefham n lebni". | |
| MṢṢKW (amṣeṣkaw) | amasgad, ameṣkad (Ahat d amasdag) | possibly architect |
| MS (mass) | mass (d azwel n usmekti i yergazen "a mass") | măss |
| MSTN (amastan) | amastan | amastan |
| Imyagen | ||
| RN (rna or erna) | ernu, erna, or erni | ernu |
| ṢK (eṣk) | eṣk or bnu | kann or dăy |
| YS (yusa) | yusa or as-d | ǝqqăl |
| DR (idir) | idir | |
| BDD (bded) | bded | |
| FL (afel?) | zger | |
| Isekkilen | ||
| ZLH (uzzal) | uzzal | tăzoli |
| Š?RH (a-šɣarh?) | a-sɣar | esăɣer |
| Tiɣawsiwin d isekkilen | ||
| NS (-ennes) | -nnes, -is neɣ -es | |
| N (n) | n | n |
| D (d) | d | d |
| -TN (-ten) | -ten | -san |
| -NSN (-nsen) | -nsen | -nesǝn |
| y- | y- | y- |
| t- | t- | t- |
| WR (war) | ur | wǝr |
| Tiɣriwin n twacult | ||
| W (u- or w-) | u- | ăw- |
| WLT (wəlt-) | wəlt | wălăt |
| MT (mat?) | yimma, yemma | ma |
| Wiyaḍ | ||
| SBS (asəbbas) | assewas, assegwas neɣ asseggas | awăṭay |
| ẒK (aẓekka) | aẓekka | aẓəkka |
| ugər or agər | uger or agar | agǝr |
| yif or if | yif neɣ if (Ad yili d aɛlayan, ad tili d tameqrant) | uf |
| MSKR or MSKRH (ameskar or miskiri) | Ur iban, ama d awal ameskar n teqbaylit d Tuareg [Note 1] , neɣ d win n wegdud Misciri | |
Asemger-a yeqqar-d dakken ahat tanumidit d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tutlayin timaynutin n tmaziɣt n Ugafa am tutlayin tizenatiyin, tutlayt n Shilha, d tutlayt taqbaylit ɣas akken tutlayin timaynutin n Ugafa ddant s yibeddilen n tjerrumt, yerna ddment-d daɣen awalen n ussidef seg taɛṛabt, talatinit, akked tefransist. Taqbaylit tezmer ad tili d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tnumidit, maca tessexdem awalen d tefyar seg tutlayin nniḍen i d-yettwasemman.[19]
Ɣef leḥsab n waṭas n yimusnawen n tutlayin, “H” deg taggara n waṭas n wawalen n numidya yella yessusem neɣ yeffeɣ-d deg tallit tatrart,[20] neɣ d akken deg waṭas n tegnatin am “MSWH” neɣ “MWSNH”, yezmer lḥal, yella yettwaseqdac deg wemkan neɣ yezmer lḥal d netta i d-yellan uqbel n wawal n tmaziɣt “ɣ” deg tmaziɣt tatrart.[13]
Aḍris n Thugga
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Aḍris n Thugga d netta ay d aḍris n Numid ay yettwassnen s tɣawla ar ass-a, yerna d netta ay d-yesfaydin seg waṭas n tɣawsiwin ay d-yesskanayen tutlayt-a.
Aḍris n Numidya
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]ṢKN•TBGG•BNYFŠ•MSNSN•GLDṮ•WGYY•GLDṮ•WZLLSN•ŠFṬ
SBSNDH•GLDṮ•SYSH•GLD•MKWSN
ŠFṬ•GLDṮ•WFŠN•MWSNG•ŠNK•WBNY•WŠNK•DŠFṬ•WM
WTNKW•MṢṢKW•MGN•WYRŠTB•WSDYLN•GẒB•MGN•WŠFṬ•MW
WŠMN•GLDṮ•GLDGMYL•ZMR•WMSNF•WŠMN•GLDMṢK•M
WŠYN•GLDṮ•WMGN•GLDṮ•ṬNYN•ŠYN•WNKKN•WFṬŠ•DR
ŠFṬ•WŠNK•[20]
Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]əṣk(ə)-n Tubgag BNYFŠ[?] Masnsen a-gəllidṯ u-Gayya a-gəllidṯ u-Zelalsen šufeṭ
Asəbbas NDH a-gəllidṯ(?) s-yusa a-gəllid Mikiwsan[20]
Tasuqilt seg tutlayt n Qerṭaj
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Imezdaɣ n Thugga bnan lǧameɛ-a i Mass-nsen agellid mmi-s n Gaia agellid mmi-s n Zilalsan amḥakem, deg useggas wis mraw segmi iḥkem Micipsa, deg useggas n Shufet agellid mmi-s n Afshan agellid, amesbaṭli: Shanok mmi-s n Banay d Shufet mmi-s n Magon mmi-s n Tanaku. Amεellem-is d Magun mmi-s n Yirastan mmi-s n Sadyalan, d gzby: Magun mmi-s n Shufet amesbaṭli mmi-s n ugellid Abdeshmun. Wid i d-yebnan taḥanut-a: Asyan mmi-s n Ankikan mmi-s n Patas d Arash mmi-s n Shufet mmi-s n Shanok.
Aḍrisen n lemtel
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu].jpg)
Iḍrisen-a d imedyaten n yuran s snat tutlayin yesεan anamek yettwasnen, tuget deg-sen d iḍrisen n temḍelt
Aḍrisen s snat tutlayin
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Aḍris n temḍelt
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tutlayt n Qerṭaj
[mn]ṣbt š'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw
hbnm š'bnm ʕb'rš bn ʕbdštrt
zmr bn 'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw
mngy bn wrsbn
wb'zrt šl' **t* zzy wṭmn wwrskn
hḥršm šyr msdl bn nnpsn w'nkn b[n] 'šy
hnskm šbrzl špṭ bll wppy bn bby
Tafsirt seg tutlayt n Qerṭaj ar taqbaylit
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Aẓekka n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw.
Ibennayen n yedɣaɣen: ⁇ b'rš mmi-s n ⁇ bdštrt;
Zmr mmi-s n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw;
D mmi-s n Wrsbn.
Yerna ɣef ???-is, Zzy mmi-s n Ṭmn d Wrskn.
Ixeddamen n tẓegwa: Msdl mmi-s n Nnpsn d 'nkn mmi-s n 'šy.
Isebtaren i sɛan azday ɣer " Šfṭ " d " Ppy "
Tanumidt
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]****N WYFMṬT W*******DRŠ WWDŠTR
*****BN WYFMṬṮ WFLW
MNGY WWRSKN
KSLNS ŻŻY WṬMN WRSKN
NBBN NŠ[Q]RH MSDL WNNFSN NKN WŠY
NB*N NZLH ŠFṬ WBLL FFY WBBY
Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin
Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu****D'rš w-Wadaštar
Zamir w-Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu
Mangy w-Wareskan
KSLNS Żaży w-Ṭaman w-Raskn
inababen n a-šɣarh Masdil w-Nanafsen Naken w-šy
inababen (?) n uzzal Šufeṭ w-Balil Fafy W-Beby[21]
Tiɣriwin n Kef Beni Fredj
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Talatinit
SACTUT•IHIMIR F•VIXIT•ANORVM•LXX H[SE]
Talatinit ɣer taqbaylit
Sactut mmi-s n Ihimir yedder 70 iseggasen. [Dayi i yettwamḍel.]
Tanumidt
ZKTT WYMR MTYBLH MSWH MNKDH
Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin
Zaktut w-Iymir MTYBLH amsiweɣ amenkad
Tasuqilt n tnumidit ɣer taqblaylit (izemren ad tili)
Zaktut mmi-s n Iyimir MTYBLH aserdas n ugellid.[13]
Ẓer: daɣen Tifinaɣ d Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt
Tisɣunin
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tutlayt tanumidt". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Chaker, S. (1 January 2008). "Libyque : écriture et langue". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (28–29): 4395–4409. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.344. ISSN 1015-7344. S2CID 161729616.
- ↑ Chaker, Salem (2002). "Variétés des usages libyques : variations chronologiques, géographiques et sociales". Antiquités africaines. 38 (1): 267–273. doi:10.3406/antaf.2002.1360.
- ↑ Iglesias, Hector (2011). "La parenté de la langue berbère et du basque: nouvelle approche". Archive ouverte HAL (in French). Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ↑ Kossmann, Maarten (2013). The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber (Tazrirt n taɛrabt ɣef tmaziɣt n ugafa). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-25309-4.
- ↑ Rask, Rasmus (15 April 2013). Investigation of the Origin of the Old Norse or Icelandic Language: New edition of the 1993 English translation by Niels Ege (Tazrawt ɣef laṣel n tutlayt tanursit neɣ tislandit taqburt: Taẓeṛigt tamaynut n tsuqilt taglizit n 1993 sɣur Niels Ege). John Benjamins Publishing. ISBN 978-90-272-7198-3.
- ↑ Gatto, M. C.; Mattingly, D. J.; Ray, N.; Sterry, M. (14 February 2019). Burials, Migration and Identity in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond (Imḍal, Tikli d Tmagit deg Tniri Taqburt d wayen i d-yezzin). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-47408-5.
- ↑ "Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, BOOK I.1, DEDICATION. 1 Lemaire informs us, in his title-page, that the two first books of the Natural History are edited by M. Alexandre, in his edition". ("Plinius Ameqran, Amezruy Aɣelnaw, ADLIS I.1, ASELMED. 1 Lemaire yessefhem-aɣ-d, deg usebter-is n tmeẓriwt, belli sin n yidlisen imezwura n umezruy aɣelnaw ttwasuddsen sɣur M. Alexandre, deg teẓrigt-is") www.perseus.tufts.edu. Yettwaṭṭef deg 2 Meɣres 2022.
- ↑ Nehmé, Laïla; Al-Jallad, Ahmad (20 waggur n wember 2017). To the Madbar and Back Again: Studies in the languages, archaeology, and cultures of Arabia dedicated to Michael C.A. Macdonald (Ar Madbar d tuɣalin: Tiɣriwin n tutlayin, taṛkuyt, d yidles n Waɛṛaben i d-yettwawehhan i Michael C.A. Macdonald.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-35761-7.
- ↑ Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce (1 Mayu 2011). The Berber Identity Movement and the Challenge to North African States. University of Texas Press (Amussu n tdukli tamaziɣt d wuguren i d-yettunefken i tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa. Tasdawit n Texas Press). ISBN 978-0-292-74505-6.
- ↑ "Libyco-Berber" (Tamaziɣt taqburt). mnamon.sns.it. Yettwaṭṭef deg 12 fuṛar 2022.
- ↑ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems(Isekkilen n tira n umaḍal). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 et 13,2 Chaker, Salem (1995). Linguistique berbère: études de syntaxe et de diachronie. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-2-87723-152-7.
- ↑ "Libyan' Inscriptions in Numidia and Mauretania" ("Iḍrisen n Tamaziɣt taqburt deg Numidya d Mauretanya tatrat"). World History Encyclopedia. Yettwaṭṭef deg 12 fuṛar 2022.
- ↑ "porta". Diccionari Amazic-Català (s tkatalant: amawal n tamziɣt-tkatalant). Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Meɣres 2024.
- ↑ Camps, G.; Chaker, S. (1 May 2004). "Jugurtha". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (26): 3975–3979. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1377. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ↑ Jongeling, Karel (1984). Names in Neo-Punic Inscriptions (Ismawen deg yiḍrisen n tutlayt tamanyut n Qerṭaj). Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen.
- ↑ Chaker, Salem (1 June 2013). "Onomastique libyco-berbère (Anthroponymie)". Encyclopédie berbère (in French) (35): 5760–5779. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2816. ISSN 1015-7344.
- ↑ Cust, Robert Needham (15 October 2013). A Sketch of the Modern Languages of Africa: Volume I (Asekkil n tutlayin timaynutin n Tefriqt: Aḍris Amezwaru). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-37237-7.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 et 20,2 Souag, Lameen (2011). Re-examining Libyco-Berber: how much do we know, and how does it fit into the family's subclassification? (Aɛiwed n uskasi n Tamaziɣt taqburt: acḥal ay nessin, d wamek ay yettekka deg tferkit n twacult?). Lameen Souag.
- ↑ "Libyco-Berber - Examples of writing" ("Tamaziɣt taqburt - Imedyaten n tira"). mnamon.sns.it. Yettwajerred deg 14 Meɣres 2022.