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Tutlayt tanumidt

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Aẓru n Numidya s uḍris n Tamaziɣt taqburt deg Asalay Aɣelnaw n Bardu (Tunes)
Tutlayt tanumidt
Ingalen n tutlayt
ISO 639-3 nxm
Glottolog numi1241[1]

Tutlayt n Numidya (s tifinaɣ ⵜⴰⵏⵓⵎⵉⴷⵜ) neɣ Tanumidit d tutlayt akk-d isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt yettmeslayen deg Numidya. Aḍris swayes i tettwaru, isekkilen n Tamaziɣt taqburt (seg-s daɣen i d-tekka Tifinaɣ), qrib ad yettwafser s lekmal-is, yerna isekkilen-ines (agar kra seg-sen seg kra n temnaḍin) sεan azalen yettwasnen. Iḍrisen n Tanumidit ttwaseqdacen ladɣa seg awines wis 3 u qbel n tallit-nneɣ (UT) ar awines wis 3 n tallit-nneɣ deg Tafriqt n Ugafa.

Ilaq ad d-nesmektiakken daɣen ara d-yessekfel ṣṣwabbelli ɣer imaziɣen n tallit-nneɣ, Tamaziɣt Taqburt, ɣas akken tbeddel deg tmawalt, teqqim s umata am akken tella zik deg usebded n tjerrumt. Ayagi yeǧǧa tamaziɣt taqburt ad tili am tmaziɣt ay ttmeslayen ass-a deg Tefriqt n Ugafa s kra n temgaradin timnaḍin timecṭuḥin; ayagi yessefham acimi imussnawen zemren ad d-afen anamek n issekkilen n tmaziɣt taqburt s useqdec n tmaziɣt tatrart.

Tantaliwin d wassaɣ-nsent d tutlayin nniḍen tiqburin

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Tantaliwin d yiḍrisen iberraniyen

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Yettwassen belli yella umgired n usaru gar tamaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram d tin n wenẓul.

Ma ad nebdu seg tmurt n Leqbayel (i yellan deg zik-nni temnaḍt yemxalafen), timnaḍin n usamer armi d ayen yellan ɣer tama n utaram n Tunes, d timnaḍin n utaram n Libya llan sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n usammar, ma d timnaḍin n utaram armi d wasif n Melwit, tmurt n Lmerruk, ttmeslayen s tntaliwin n Numidya n usammar yerna sseqdacen anagraw n tira n tmaziɣt taqburt n utaram i yettwaseqdacen s waṭas yerna mazal ur yettwasfeḍ ara.[2] Tantala n Numidya n usammar tella tesεa aṭas n tazrirt n tutlayt n Qerṭaj ugar n tmaziɣt taqburt n Numidya n utaram, yerna Tantala n Numidya n utaram tella meqqret deg turdert-is ɣef tin n Numidya n utaram.[3] S umata, tutlayt tamaziɣt i yellan ttmeslayen deg Numidya tella tesεa assaɣ n tutlayt n Qerṭaj, d acu kan aya ibeddel asmi ay d-uwḍen iṛumyen. Tanumidit d kra n wawalen n Tmaziɣt Tatrart sɛan assaɣ n taspenyult n zik, uqbel ad d-awḍen Iṛumyen ɣer Spanya, d tutlayin nniḍen tiqdimin, ur nettemcabi ara, i yellan deg Turuft , Asya tamecṭuḥt, Iran n zik.[4][5]

Tutlayin nniḍen n tmaziɣt taqburt neɣ icuban ɣer tmaziɣt

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Ur yettwassen ara aṭas ɣef tmuɣliwin n tmaziɣt taqburt deg Numidya imi ula d yiwet deg-sent ur tettwasfeḍ akken ilaq, yerna anagar kra n yisebtar n iẓekwan n usammar n Numidya, ula d yiwet seg tira n tutlayt taqburt n Numidya ur tettwafhem. Yezmer lḥal, yerna tikwal yettwaḥsab d akken d ayagi i d lḥal, d akken tutlayt n tmurt n Muriṭanya n zik (Lmerruk n tura) tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasemlayen s waṭas deg Numidya, ɣas akken drus neɣ ulac tiɣriwin ɣef tutlayt yettwasemlayen deg Muritanya.[6]

Deg wazal n 500 un tallit-nneɣ, aṭas n aṭas n imaziɣen i d-yemmugren seg ugafa ɣer tiniri, , d yiwet n temnaḍt i deg llan yimezdaɣ n tmurt n Gaɛtuliyen.[7] Ɣas akken tamnaḍt ideg llan zedɣen ur d-tban ara kra n tira, dɣa ur tettili ara deg wayen i nessen ɣef Numidya, yettwassen belli Plinius amɣar yura belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan n tiniri tella tettemcabi mliḥ akk d tin n Numidya, s wakka i d-yettban belli tutlayt n Gaetuliyan tezmer ad tili d tantala n wayen yettwasmeslayen di Numidya.[8]

Asenfar d usnulfu

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Leqdic ɣef ussefhem n tira n tutlayt i yettmeslayen deg Numidya mazal ur ifukk ara, ɣas akken deg yiseggasen ineggura kra n yimnadiyen ɛerḍen ad d-rren imeslayen-is s useqdec n usekkil n Tanumidt ɣer tama n tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart. Amur ameqran seg tira-nni i d-yeqqimen d iḍrisen n tmeḍrit, yerna ttabaɛen tawsit n "X w-Y" (X mmi-s n Y). "BNS" d awalen i d-yettuɣalen s waṭas deg tira-yagi, i d-yeqqaren ahat "aẓekka n". Aṭas n wawalen i yesεan “H” deg taggara-nsen, ur iban ara lxedma-nsen.

Kra n yiẓra n iẓekwan sbeggen-d awal yemgaraden gar sin n yismawen n imdanen, yettwafhamen d awal n twacult ma nmuqel ɣef awalen n Tmaziɣt: “wlt” "yelis n" (s Tmaziɣt tatrart wəlt) d, ugar n tikwal, mt "tammat (n)" (ma Tuareg amaynut). Am tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart, "ta-...-t" tessawal-d i talɣa n tmeṭṭut n wawal s usekkil n “H” yettwaseklen ɣer taggara.[9]

Deg isekkilen n Dougga llan kra n yismawen isertanen i d-yettwasemman, am "gld" i izemren ad d-yettwasuqel s wawal n tamaziɣt tamaynut "agellid"[10] i d-yekkan seg wawal n tamaziɣt taqburt "a-gəllid". Kra n imyagen i d-yettwaseknen mebla ccekk deg isekkilen-nni yemxallafen.

Aserwes d tamaziɣt tatrart, d ayen i d-yesskanen belli “ṣkn”, ahat yettwarun s "eṣ(ə) k-n” s lsas n umgerrad n tmaziɣt tatrart, d-yeqqaren “esken” neɣ "yebna", ilaq ad yettwasqerdec d ṣk "yebna" rnu -n, i d-yettakken aseɣwen n umdan wis tlata deg umyag (-en).[11][12]

Tanumidt tesskanay-d yerna tebḍa amur ameqran neɣ akk n tesɣunin-nnes "n" akked "d" s Tmaziɣt tatrart, ɣer yidis n tesɣunin yemgerraden, am "ta...-t", "m-".[13]

Amedya n tsuqilt s useqdec n tikli-a yezmer ad d-yettwabder deg yiwen n uḥric seg tira n Numidya i d-yeɣran "Msnsn. gldt. w-gjj".[ "Msnsn" d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen ma d "gldt" d awal i ugellid. Taggara, "w-gjj", neɣ “win i d-yeǧǧa”, anamek-is "mmi-s n Gaïa".[14]

S wakka, ma yeεreḍ ad yessuqel aḍris n Numidya s tutlayt tamaziɣt tatrart d tamaziɣt tazwart, ad d-yini "Mass-nsen agellid, win i d-yeǧǧa (mmi-s n) Gaïa". 24][22]

Ma yella tasuqilt n "SBS" (asebbas) deg uḍris n Thugga d "aseggas", d tidett, ihi aya yebɣa ad d-yini belli talɣa n "ww" tamaziɣt taqburt i d-yernan d "gg" neɣ "gw" deg waṭas n tutlayin tamaziɣt tatrart tella d "bb" neɣ "bw" deg Numidya. Ayagi yella kan deg Tẓẓungiyya (Tutlayt tamaziɣt yellan ɣef yiri n tmettant ttmeslayen-tt luluf n medden deg deg Muriṭanya tatrart d ugafa n Senegal) d kra n yimedyaten n teqbaylit deg tallit tatrart anda, ilaq ad d-nesmekti, belli tikwal "aseggas" yettwaru "aseggwas".[15]

Tuẓẓungiyya tella d yiwet seg tutlayin n tmaziɣt i d-yeffɣen seg wegraw n tmaziɣt taqburt, yerna mazal-itt tesɛa aṭas aṭas n tɣawsiwin tiqburin, nnig n useqdec n talɣa-a deg Numidya, yezmer ad d-yini dakken deg usnerni n tutlayin timaziɣin "ww" yuɣal d "" syin d "".

Tiwtilin n yisem

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Ismawen n Numidiyen s umata ttɛeddayen ɣef yiwet n tikti n yisem yemseqdacen, maca yettwassen akken iwata, i d-yellan deg tallit n zik akked tallit n tlemmast. Ɣas akken mačči d aya i yella dima, aya yella-d ladɣa i yigensasen neɣ imḍebbren imeqranen. Amek i t-yexdem yella d ayen isehlen: Amyag deg umdan wis 3 + ismawen n umdan d afiks (usrid neɣ ur nelli ara usrid) deg talɣa n usget n umdan wis 3 (y/itt-X-nitni/nitni).[16]

D amedya, isem n Yugar-iten yella-d am "y-uger-ten" ( win i ten-yugaren ), ma d isem n ugellid Mass-nsen (MSNSN s Tmaziɣt taburt)[17] yella-d d "mas-nsen" (mass nsen). Aṭas n leqdic ɣef tutlayt n Numidya i yexdem Salem Chaker, s leqdic-is i d-yefka afus deg usekles n kra n wawalen deg tutlayt s usekles n yismawen yettwasnen.[18]

Awalen yettwasnen

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D ayen ay d-iteddun d asemgerrad gar kra n wawalen n Numidya yettwasnen s tmuɣli n tutlayin n imaziɣen n ugafa n wass-a akk-d n Tamashek. Awalen i d-yettwasnen s usekkil yettwarun deg tewsitin. Awalen i d-yettwaseknen s ddaw-as, d wid i d-yettwakksen seg yismawen n Numidya.

Numidian Tutlayin n tamaziɣt n ugafa Tutlayin Tuareg
Tiɣriwin tisertanin d yismawen n uxeddim
GLD (a-gəllid) agellid amănokal
TGLT(H) (Ta-gəllit) Tagellidt or Tagellit tamănokalt
MNKD(H) (amenkad) amenkad
MSWH (amsiweɣ?) aserdas əssărdasi
GLDMṢK (a-gellid ameṣka) agellid imeska amănokal, ălbănna
NBBN (inababen?) imahalen, yixeddamen imǝsɡuyya
MWSN(H) (amawsan) amussnaw
GẒB (agẓab) Ur yettwassen ara, yezmer lḥal d "amsefham n lebni".
MṢṢKW (amṣeṣkaw) amasgad, ameṣkad (Ahat d amasdag) possibly architect
MS (mass) mass (d azwel n usmekti i yergazen "a mass") măss
MSTN (amastan) amastan amastan
Imyagen
RN (rna or erna) ernu, erna, or erni ernu
ṢK (eṣk) eṣk or bnu kann or dăy
YS (yusa) yusa or as-d ǝqqăl
DR (idir) idir
BDD (bded) bded
FL (afel?) zger
Isekkilen
ZLH (uzzal) uzzal tăzoli
Š?RH (a-šɣarh?) a-sɣar esăɣer
Tiɣawsiwin d isekkilen
NS (-ennes) -nnes, -is neɣ -es
N (n) n n
D (d) d d
-TN (-ten) -ten -san
-NSN (-nsen) -nsen -nesǝn
y- y- y-
t- t- t-
WR (war) ur wǝr
Tiɣriwin n twacult
W (u- or w-) u- ăw-
WLT (wəlt-) wəlt wălăt
MT (mat?) yimma, yemma ma
Wiyaḍ
SBS (asəbbas) assewas, assegwas neɣ asseggas awăṭay
ẒK (aẓekka) aẓekka aẓəkka
ugər or agər uger or agar agǝr
yif or if yif neɣ if (Ad yili d aɛlayan, ad tili d tameqrant) uf
MSKR or MSKRH (ameskar or miskiri) Ur iban, ama d awal ameskar n teqbaylit d Tuareg [Note 1] , neɣ d win n wegdud Misciri

Asemger-a yeqqar-d dakken ahat tanumidit d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tutlayin timaynutin n tmaziɣt n Ugafa am tutlayin tizenatiyin, tutlayt n Shilha, d tutlayt taqbaylit ɣas akken tutlayin timaynutin n Ugafa ddant s yibeddilen n tjerrumt, yerna ddment-d daɣen awalen n ussidef seg taɛṛabt, talatinit, akked tefransist. Taqbaylit tezmer ad tili d tin ay d-iqerben akk ɣer tnumidit, maca tessexdem awalen d tefyar seg tutlayin nniḍen i d-yettwasemman.[19]

Ɣef leḥsab n waṭas n yimusnawen n tutlayin, “H” deg taggara n waṭas n wawalen n numidya yella yessusem neɣ yeffeɣ-d deg tallit tatrart,[20] neɣ d akken deg waṭas n tegnatin am “MSWH” neɣ “MWSNH”, yezmer lḥal, yella yettwaseqdac deg wemkan neɣ yezmer lḥal d netta i d-yellan uqbel n wawal n tmaziɣt “ɣ” deg tmaziɣt tatrart.[13]

Aḍris n Thugga

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Aḍris n Thugga d netta ay d aḍris n Numid ay yettwassnen s tɣawla ar ass-a, yerna d netta ay d-yesfaydin seg waṭas n tɣawsiwin ay d-yesskanayen tutlayt-a.

Aḍris n Numidya

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ṢKN•TBGG•BNYFŠ•MSNSN•GLDṮ•WGYY•GLDṮ•WZLLSN•ŠFṬ

SBSNDH•GLDṮ•SYSH•GLD•MKWSN

ŠFṬ•GLDṮ•WFŠN•MWSNG•ŠNK•WBNY•WŠNK•DŠFṬ•WM

WTNKW•MṢṢKW•MGN•WYRŠTB•WSDYLN•GẒB•MGN•WŠFṬ•MW

WŠMN•GLDṮ•GLDGMYL•ZMR•WMSNF•WŠMN•GLDMṢK•M

WŠYN•GLDṮ•WMGN•GLDṮ•ṬNYN•ŠYN•WNKKN•WFṬŠ•DR

ŠFṬ•WŠNK•[20]

Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin

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əṣk(ə)-n Tubgag BNYFŠ[?] Masnsen a-gəllidṯ u-Gayya a-gəllidṯ u-Zelalsen šufeṭ

Asəbbas NDH a-gəllidṯ(?) s-yusa a-gəllid Mikiwsan[20]

Tasuqilt seg tutlayt n Qerṭaj

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Imezdaɣ n Thugga bnan lǧameɛ-a i Mass-nsen agellid mmi-s n Gaia agellid mmi-s n Zilalsan amḥakem, deg useggas wis mraw segmi iḥkem Micipsa, deg useggas n Shufet agellid mmi-s n Afshan agellid, amesbaṭli: Shanok mmi-s n Banay d Shufet mmi-s n Magon mmi-s n Tanaku. Amεellem-is d Magun mmi-s n Yirastan mmi-s n Sadyalan, d gzby: Magun mmi-s n Shufet amesbaṭli mmi-s n ugellid Abdeshmun. Wid i d-yebnan taḥanut-a: Asyan mmi-s n Ankikan mmi-s n Patas d Arash mmi-s n Shufet mmi-s n Shanok.

Aḍrisen n lemtel

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Aswir amezwaru i d-yeffɣen ɣef n uḍris n Ateban

Iḍrisen-a d imedyaten n yuran s snat tutlayin yesεan anamek yettwasnen, tuget deg-sen d iḍrisen n temḍelt

Aḍrisen s snat tutlayin

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Aḍris n temḍelt
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Tutlayt n Qerṭaj

[mn]ṣbt š'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw

hbnm š'bnm ʕb'rš bn ʕbdštrt

zmr bn 'ṭbn bn ypmṭt bn plw

mngy bn wrsbn

wb'zrt šl' **t* zzy wṭmn wwrskn

hḥršm šyr msdl bn nnpsn w'nkn b[n] 'šy

hnskm šbrzl špṭ bll wppy bn bby

Tafsirt seg tutlayt n Qerṭaj ar taqbaylit

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Aẓekka n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw.

Ibennayen n yedɣaɣen: ⁇ b'rš mmi-s n ⁇ bdštrt;

Zmr mmi-s n 'ṭbn mmi-s n Ypmṭt mmi-s n Plw;

D mmi-s n Wrsbn.

Yerna ɣef ???-is, Zzy mmi-s n Ṭmn d Wrskn.

Ixeddamen n tẓegwa: Msdl mmi-s n Nnpsn d 'nkn mmi-s n 'šy.

Isebtaren i sɛan azday ɣer " Šfṭ " d " Ppy "

****N WYFMṬT W*******DRŠ WWDŠTR

*****BN WYFMṬṮ WFLW

MNGY WWRSKN

KSLNS ŻŻY WṬMN WRSKN

NBBN NŠ[Q]RH MSDL WNNFSN NKN WŠY

NB*N NZLH ŠFṬ WBLL FFY WBBY

Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin

Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu****D'rš w-Wadaštar

Zamir w-Aṭeban w-Yefmaṭat w-Falu

Mangy w-Wareskan

KSLNS Żaży w-Ṭaman w-Raskn

inababen n a-šɣarh Masdil w-Nanafsen Naken w-šy

inababen (?) n uzzal Šufeṭ w-Balil Fafy W-Beby[21]

Tiɣriwin n Kef Beni Fredj

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Talatinit

SACTUT•IHIMIR F•VIXIT•ANORVM•LXX H[SE]

Talatinit ɣer taqbaylit

Sactut mmi-s n Ihimir yedder 70 iseggasen. [Dayi i yettwamḍel.]

Tanumidt

ZKTT WYMR MTYBLH MSWH MNKDH

Asenqed d useqqed n imesliyen yettwasnen neɣ izemren ad ilin

Zaktut w-Iymir MTYBLH amsiweɣ amenkad

Tasuqilt n tnumidit ɣer taqblaylit (izemren ad tili)

Zaktut mmi-s n Iyimir MTYBLH aserdas n ugellid.[13]


Ẓer: daɣen Tifinaɣ d Asekkil n Tamaziɣt taqburt

Tisɣunin

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  15. "porta". Diccionari Amazic-Català (s tkatalant: amawal n tamziɣt-tkatalant). Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Meɣres 2024.
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  19. Cust, Robert Needham (15 October 2013). A Sketch of the Modern Languages of Africa: Volume I (Asekkil n tutlayin timaynutin n Tefriqt: Aḍris Amezwaru). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-37237-7.
  20. 20,0 20,1 et 20,2 Souag, Lameen (2011). Re-examining Libyco-Berber: how much do we know, and how does it fit into the family's subclassification? (Aɛiwed n uskasi n Tamaziɣt taqburt: acḥal ay nessin, d wamek ay yettekka deg tferkit n twacult?). Lameen Souag.
  21. "Libyco-Berber - Examples of writing" ("Tamaziɣt taqburt - Imedyaten n tira"). mnamon.sns.it. Yettwajerred deg 14 Meɣres 2022.