Singapur
 Singapur | |||||
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Republic of Singapore (en) Republik Singapura (ms) 新加坡共和国 (zh) சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு (ta) | |||||
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| Imseɣret |
Majulah Singapura (fr)  (1965) | ||||
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| Devise (fr) |
«Majulah Singapura» «Onward, Singapore» | ||||
| Symbole officiel (fr) |
Papilionanthe Miss Joaquim (fr) | ||||
| Surnom (fr) | Lion City d 狮城 | ||||
| Yettusemma ɣef |
Sinha (en) | ||||
| Ansa | |||||
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| Tamanaɣt n |
Établissements des détroits (fr) (1826–1946)
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| Tamanaɣt | Singapur | ||||
| Imezdaɣ | |||||
| Teɣṛed | 5 866 139 (2021) | ||||
| • Tiineẓẓi n imezdaɣ | 8 157,61 imezdaɣen/km² | ||||
| Tutlayt tunṣibt |
Taglizit Tamalayt Tamandarint tamoul (fr) | ||||
| Ddin |
Tabudayt, taoïsme (fr) , Tamasiḥit, Tineslemt d hindouisme (fr) | ||||
| Tarakalt | |||||
| Amur seg |
Asie du Sud-Est (fr) | ||||
| Tajumma | 719,1 km² | ||||
| • Aman | 1,444 % | ||||
| Tezga-d ɣef yiri |
détroit de Singapour (fr) d rivière Singapour (fr) | ||||
| Isek yeflalen |
Bukit Timah (fr) (163,63 m) | ||||
| Point le plus bas (fr) |
détroit de Singapour (fr) (0 m) | ||||
| Tilisa yakked | |||||
| Asefk amazray | |||||
| Yezwar-it |
Singapour (fr) | ||||
| Asnulfu | 9 Ɣuct 1965 | ||||
| Jour férié (fr) |
jour de l'an (fr) (1 yennayer)journée internationale des travailleurs (fr) (1ru mayyu)National Day (en) (9 ɣuct)nouvel an chinois (fr) (2e jour du 1er mois du calendrier chinois (fr) , 1er jour du 1er mois du calendrier chinois (fr) )Vesak (fr) Lɛid tameẓyant (2 chawwal (fr) )Lɛid tameqqrant (10 dhou al-hijja (fr) )Divali (fr) (Ashvin Krishna Trayodashi (en) )Vendredi saint (fr) (2 jours avant le dimanche de Pâques (fr) )Talalit (25 dujamber) | ||||
| Tuddsa tasertayt | |||||
| Anagraw asertay |
république parlementaire (fr) | ||||
| Exécutif (fr) |
Gouvernement de Singapour (fr) | ||||
| Assemblée délibérante (fr) |
Parlement de Singapour (fr) | ||||
| • président de Singapour (fr) |
Tharman Shanmugaratnam (fr) (14 Ctember 2023) | ||||
| • Premier ministre de Singapour (fr) |
Lawrence Wong (fr) (15 Mayyu 2024) | ||||
| Corps judiciaire suprême (fr) |
Cour suprême de Singapour (fr) | ||||
| Tadamsa | |||||
| Produit intérieur brut nominal (fr) | 423 796 995 373 $ (2021) | ||||
| Tadrimt |
dollar de Singapour (fr) | ||||
| Amekzay uglim | |||||
| Izṭi akudan |
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| Domaine internet (fr) |
.sg (fr) | ||||
| Plan de numérotation (fr) | +65 | ||||
| Numéro d'appel d'urgence (fr) |
995 (fr) d 999 (fr) | ||||
| Azamul n tmurt | SG | ||||
| Nniḍen | |||||
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| Tansa n web | gov.sg | ||||
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Singapur, ay yellan d tamurt tamecṭuḥt ay d-yuzgan di Asya n wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est), d tamurt i deg ttidiren waṭas n yegduden, u ttmeslayen deg-s aṭas n tutlayin. Anabaḍ (gouvernement) n tmurt-agi yesbedd-d tasertit (politique) i yes ara yerr taglizit d tutlayt i yes tteddu tmurt, am wakken ara tttwaḥerzent tutlayin nniḍen, tid umi semman n "yegduden", akken yis-sent ara lemden yelmeẓyen idelsan d wansayen-nsen. D acu kan, tagnit deg wennar tewɛer' ugar n wakken i tt-yettmuqul unabaḍ. Yuɣ lḥal, xas anabaḍ asingapuri iqeddec ɣef wamek ara yeḥrez tutlayin n yegduden-is, maca maci merr'a tutlayin ay ssawalen di Singapur ttwaḥerzent, yernu kra seg Yisingapuriyen ttawḍen bitt alamma sr'uḥen tutlayt d yedles-nsen ɣef idra n tsertit-agi.
Yuɣ lḥal, di tmurt am Singapur, i deg ṭṭuqqten yegduden, adennit (labudd) ad tili tutlayt, xas d taberr'anit, ara fehhmen merr'a yegduden-is yernu yis-s ay tez! m er ad d-tili teywalt (communication) wagar-asen. D acu kan, si tama nniḍen, tasertit n Singapur akken ad teḥrez tutlayin n yegduden-is ur telli d tin iɛedlen ger n tutlayin merr'a n tmurt-a. Di lweqt i deg Icinwaten a xeddmen ayen umi zemren akken ula d nitni ad sɛun tutlayt-nsen teǧhed di tmurt-a (xas ma yella atni a ttsemmiḥen di tentalyin-nsen tineṣliyin), igduden nniḍen n Singapur, i sen-d-yeqqimen kan ad qeblen tasertit-agi n unabaḍ ara iteddun akken ad temḥu aṭas n tutlayin si tmurt-a. Amagrad-agi yettqeddimaɣ-d amek ay llant tutlayin di tmurt n Singapur, amek ara ixeddem unabaḍ akken ad yessemsawi lumur di tmurt i deg ṭṭuqtent tutlayin am ta, d wamek ara yekkat akken ad ilin Yisingapuriyen d wid ara yissinen tutlayin i yes ara nefɛen tamurt-nsen. D acu kan, si tama nniḍen, nezmer diɣ ad naf deg-s tagnit iṣeɛben i deg ttidirent tutlayin timecṭaḥ sdat n tutlayin "umi meqqer ccan", di tmurt-a, i deg taglizit d nettat ay d tutlayt "tagraɣlant" yekksen akk cciɛa i tiyaḍ, ma d Tacinwat d nettat diɣ ay d tutlayt n tuget deg yimezdaɣen n tmurt. Afud igerrzen
Amezruy n Singapur
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Xas ma yella amezruy n Singapur d aqdim aṭas, ayen yesɛan azal meqqren akk deg-s netta d asmi ay yewweḍ ɣur-s Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles deg waggur n Yennayer n 1819. Mi akken ay yewweḍ Raffles ɣer tegzirt-agi, yufa-n deg-s yiwet n taddart tamecṭuḥt n 150 n yimezdaɣen dɣa yuɣ tigizrt-agi ɣef yiwen n ukerwa n yilel (maître de la mer) isem-is Abdul Rahman yernu yerra-tt d ayla n Tkebbanit Tabriṭanit n Lhend Tagmuḍant (Tacerqit). Dindin kan tuɣal Singapur d asagen (port) irebḥen. Di 1826, tuɣal Singapur d aḥric si Thersin n Yekriẓen (Colonies des Détroits), am nettat am Penang d Malacca [di Malizya]. Ma di 1867, tuɣal Singapur, akk d Thersin-nni n Yekriẓen d Tahrest seg Uqacuc Abriṭani.
Iminigen n Ccinwa, n Lhend, n Malizya akk d tegzirin n Indunisya llan-d si ger n yimezwura ay d-yewwḍen ɣer Singapur, akken kan d-sbedden asagen-ines. Leḥkem abriṭani akk d tewwura yeldin ɣef tnezzawt (commerce) di Singapur d ayen ay yeǧǧan aṭas n medden ad d-inigen ɣur-s si Ccinwa. Aṭas seg Yicinwaten-nni ay d-yewwḍen ɣer din d wid yellan ttwalasen ṭṭlaba dɣa llan ssexdamen-ten di tmurt-a. Ma d iminigen Ihendiyen, bdan ttasen-d ɣer din seg wasmi ay d-yewwi Raffles kra seg-sen deg yiserdasen-is. Imi ay zemren ad xedmen di Singapur di inawaren (fonctionnaires) n unabaḍ, d imestekniyen (techniciens), d iselmaden neɣ d imzenza (commerçants), aṭas n Yihendiyen ay d-yinigen ɣer din si Penang, Lhend akk d Sri Lanka. Di 1823, tuɣal Singapur d amḍiq i ɣer d-ttawin imeḥbas, dɣa uɣalen ttusexdamen yimeḥbas ihendiyen di lebni n yizudaɣ (bɛtiments), n yiberdan akk d tqenṭyar.
Uqbel n 1860, imezdaɣen n Singapur llan ḥessben-ten s uqerru, yernu d tamsulta (police) ay d-ilehhun d wanect-a. Di 1860, yettwaxdem wuddun (recensement) amenṣab amenzu, yernu ufan-d d akken llan imir-n 80.792 n yemdanen di tmurt-a. Zik-nni, ala kan d Imaliziyen ay yellan zedɣen di Singapur, d acu kan, ur ɛeṭṭlen ara uɣalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yeṭṭuqqten dinna.
Di 1824, llan 10.683 n yimezdaɣen di Singapur, gar-asen 60 % d Imaliziyen, 31 % d Icinwaten akk d 7 % d Ihendiyen. Ma di 1830, uɣalen Yicinwaten d nitni ay yeṭṭuqqten akk ger n yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a, yernu mazal-iten ara ass-a d nitni ay tigti (majorité). Di 1867, wwḍen Yicinwaten ɣer 65 % (55.000) seg yimezdaɣen n Singapur, yernu anect ay yellan a d-yettaweḍ d iminigen icinwaten yettnadin leqdic yella yettbeddil seg useggas ɣer wayeḍ. ɣef umedya, di 1880, wwḍen-d 50.000 n yiminigen si Ccinwa, di lweqt i deg di 1912, wwḍen-d 250.000. Ihokkienen (Hokkien), Iteochewen (Teochew), Ikanṭuniyen akk d Yihakkaten si trebbaɛ timeqqranin akk ay yellan ttawḍent-d si Ccinwa. Seg wasmi ay d-yebda yinig ɣer Singapur, d Ihokkienen akk d Yiteochewen ay yeṭṭfen tanezzawt (commerce), ma d Ikanṭuniyen qeddcen s umata di tfellaḥt, maca kra deg-sen qeddcen diɣ di yineḍ (artisanat), bennun ixxamen n wesɣar, ttxiḍin neɣ qeddcen d iḥeddaden.
Tamharsa* Tabriṭanit
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu](*colonialisme)
D asnulfu n yiɣerruba ay iteddun s yiraggen akk d tullya n terga n Suez di 1869 ay yeǧǧan tadamsa n Sigapur ad tennerni. Tuɣal Asya n Wenẓul agmuḍan (sud-est) d tama yettwassnen s ussuffeɣ (exportation) n kawaču akk d uhellun (étain), yernu tuɣal Singapur d yiwen seg yisugan imeqqranen akk deg wemḍal. Di 1921, bnan Yebriṭaniyen di tmurt-a yiwen n wabuḍ awlal (base navale) meqqren, d win ay ṭṭfen Yijapuniyen deg Wemgaru Amaḍlan (Guerre mondiale) wis sin asmi ay ttf'en Singapur si Fur'ar' n 1942 alamma d Ctember' n 1945.
Di 1946, tuɣal Singapur d tahrest i yiman-is di Tqacuct Tabriṭanit, asmi ay ttwakksent Thersin n Yekriẓen. Di 1959, tettunefk-as tfulmant (autonomie) i Singapur xas ma yella Briṭanya tella mazal-itt d nettat ay d-yelhan d laman akk d lumur' n berr'a n tmurt-a. Ma di 1963, tekcem Singapur ɣer Tfidir'alit n Malizya, am nettat am tmiwa n Malaya, Sabah d Sarawak. D acu kan, di ɣect n 1965, temsebḍa-d Singapur ɣef Malizya yernu tuɣal d tigduda timziregt (indépendante) i yiman-is. Xas ma yella ass n uzarug n Singapur d ass n 9 ɣect 1965, kemmlen yiserdasen Ibriṭaniyen ttilin dinna alammi d taggara n 1971.