Tamhilt n Sliman

Udayen n Ityubya deg tmesrafegt ara ten-yessawḍen ɣer Israyel.

Tamhilt n Sliman (tahibrut: מבצע שלמה, Mivtsa Shlomo), i yebdan deg 24 mayyu 1991, d nettat i yɛemden unag n 14 500 n udayen n tmurt n Ityubya ɣer Israyel deg ddaw n wakud n kraḍ n tmerwin d seddis ((36)) n tamrin (swayeɛ).

Timental

Deg 1991, yenḥaf aṭas udabu n Ityubya imi iɣewwaɣenxedmen axeṣṣar deg-s. Tamurt n Israyel tella tettnadi ɣef yimezdaɣ imaynuten ɣur-s i wakken ad teččar d udayen sdat yiɛraben (i yellan d inselmen neɣ d imasiḥiyen i yettalin mliḥ deg umḍan), ihi acḥal aya segmi tella tettɛassa udayen iflacen i wakken ad ten-id jmeɛ ɣur-s, maca tamsalt n wunag seg Ityubya ɣer Israyel tella d awezɣi deg tallit n uselway n yimiren Mengistu Haile Mariam.

Anḥaf-agi i ɣer yuweḍ udabu yezmer ad yessishel ɣef wudayen agi ad xedmen Lɛelya-nsen akken i tella tettheyyi Israyel seg useggas aya seg 1990.

Aɛeddi n Temhilt

Teḥwaj temhilt agi aseggas n uheyyi, gar takkayin-ines timezzwura ilaq ad semlilen agdud-agi yettwaferrqen gar watas n tuddar deg tagduda beɛden akk ɣef tmanaɣt. Heyyan-d akal io yellan tama n tmahalt n Israyel bnan aɣerbaz n udayen i ymeqqren akk deg umaḍal qqaren deg-s 5000 n yinelmaden heyyan-ten ad ten-sruḥen. Liḥala n tsertit deg tmurt n Ityubya ur telli ara d tin n lɛali mazal-as ad ciṭ ad yeɣli, imiren dɣa, yebda-d umsefhem gar ugraw n Israyel d ugraw n Ityubya ɣef usufeɣ-nsen. Txelleṣ Ityubya idrimen n tuffɣa-nsen, ma d Israyel din din tessawel i tuddsawin timarikiniyin tudayin i wxakken ad ẓrent ugur. Adabu n Ityubya yerbeḥ-d leslaḥ n Israyel i wakken ad iḥudd ɣef yiman-is seg yiɣewaɣen.

Si tama n yiserdaszn, d wid n Israyel i yxxedmen kullec ɣer tama n kra n yityubyen d ajiniral Amnon Shahak-Lipkin i yellan ɣef uqerru-s.Uwḍen-d ɣedr Israyel seg tmahilin i yɛeddan, d nutni i yerllan d imezzwura ara d-iṣubben deg unafag n Addis-Abeba, aneggarua teṭṭef-it Israyelk s ṭul tamhilt. Iminigen uwin-ten deg Lkiṛan ḥudden-ten yiserdasen i yettagi,nn i yimezdaɣ-nniḍen ad rewlen i udabu. Deg ddaw n 36 n tamrin gar wass n 24 d 25 mayyu 1991 xedment 35 n tmesrafgin n Lɛal neɣ n Hercules C-130 tuffɣiwin n urwaḥ d tuɣaltin wwin-t azal n 14 500 n yimdanen s umḍan meqqren aṭas 1000 i yiwet n tuffɣa. Ssawḍen amḍan iqeysen, ulac ccek deg umḍzan-agi belli iɛedda 1000 maca amḍan swaswa ideg yella umgarad : Adlis n Guinness yeqqar-d belli yella wazal n 1088 gar-asen sin n yigerrdan lulen s daxel n temsrafegt. Wiyaḍ qqaren belli lan 1 078 ɣer 1 222. Iserdasen n Israyel nnan-d d 1 078 yettaweḍ ɣer 1 222 ma neḥseb arrac imecṭaḥ.

Taggara d wuguren

Aneɣlaf amezzwaru Yitzhak Shamir d yiwen n umunag seg Ityubya.

Segmi uwḍen ɣer Israyel, ufan wudayen n Ityubya uguren deg tifin n uxeddim. Deg useggas n 2006 azal n 80% seg-sen ur sɛin ara axeddim ilhan, iṣubb-d umḍan-agi deg 2016, mi uwḍen ɣer 20% n yirgazen d 26% n tulawin, wagi imi nutni uɣen tannumi deg Ityubya d ifellaḥen yernu amur ameqqran deg-sen ur ɣrin ara (ur ssinen tira neɣ taɣuri) yernu llan wid amur ameqqran ur ttmeslayen ara tahibrut yellan d tutlayt taɣelnawt, enu ɣer-s llan yiminigen nniḍen id-yusan seg tmura-nniḍen i ten-yifen, tugett seg udayen ityubiyen ihi textirin axeddim ɣer yiserdasen zgan ttarran-ten deg tazzzwara deg yal amennuɣ ladɣa d yifalesṭiniyen.

Xas akken, tura tella tasut seg yisrayiliyen yityubiyen i yeɣran deg tseddawiyin n Israyel ttmeslayen tahibrut yernu ɣran akken iwata maca mazal ur sɛin ara axeddim, yernu mazal igduden nniḍen ifen-ten deg uxeddom d udrim i asen-ttaken. Ɣef way-a tella temsalt i yezgan tettɛawaéd : ma yella unḥ)af nn udayen agi yekka-d seg tmen,tal nniḍen mebla war-taɣuri (imi udayen ulma d nutni d iḥricen d yiberdan) d war-tussna akka am usɣan neɣ tiɣmi n tfekka. Ilaq ad nini belli ur msefhamen ara lecyux n tudayt ma yella udayen n Ityubya d udayen n sseḥ neɣ ala, fkan-d tiɣri tamatut deg yiseggasen n 1970, belli tekkan ɣer tudayt maca mazal ulmud.