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Ṭṭrenǧ

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Ṭṭrenǧ deg tazwara n urar.

Ṭṭrenǧ d yiwet seg uraren n telwiḥt mucaεit ed iqburen maḍi[1], d urar astratiji anda usamma ur yesεi ara tamlilt[2]. Ṭṭrenǧ yurar gar snat yimyuraren[1], suffel telwiḥt tebḍa ɣef 64 n timkuẓin, yal amyurar yesɛa 16 n tisiway n urar[2] (tiɣmiwin-ines maci kifkif, s umata; timellalin ed tiberkanin[1]).

Amyurar i yesɛa tisiway n urar timellalin yebda urar, deffir wakken, yal amyurar iɛerreḍ ad nekkes tisiway tameqqrant n axṣim-is, agellid[1].

Ṭṭrenǧ iban-d i tikelt tamezwarut deg lqern wis 6 deg Lhend. Seg lqern wis 10, i yenfufed deg Asya, Asamar alemmas ed Turuft. Seg lqern wis 15, ṭṭrenǧ yettwaḥseb em urar ageldan imi cciεa-is deg tinnubla[1].

Alɣuɣen n umaḍal n ṭṭrenǧ

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Alɣuɣen n umaḍal n ṭṭrenǧ seg 1866[1].
Tilɣuɣa Isem n alɣuɣ Tamurt-is
1866–1894 Guillaume Steinitz Tutrict Tutrict
1894–1921 Emmanuel Lasker Lalman Lalman
1921-1927 José Raúl Capablanca Kuba
1927–1935 Alexandre Alekhine Rusya - Fṛansa
1935–1937 Max Euwe Timura n Wadda
1937–1946 Alexandre Alekhine Rusya - Fṛansa
1948–1957 Mikhaïl Moiseyevitch Botvinnik Rusya
1957–1958 Vasily Smyslov Rusya
1958–1960 Mikhaïl Moiseyevitch Botvinnik Rusya
1960–1961 Mikhail Nekhemyevitch Tal Liṭṭunya
1961–1963 Mikhaïl Moiseyevitch Botvinnik Rusya
1963–1969 Tigran Vartanovitch Petrossian Arminya
1969–1972 Boris Vassilievitch Spassky Rusya
1972–1975 Robert (Bobby) Fischer Iwunak Yedduklen Iwunak Yeddukklen n Temrikt
1975–1985 Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov Rusya
1985–2000 GarryKasparov Rusya
2000–2007 Vladimir Kramnik Rusya
2007–2013 Vishwanathan Anand Lhend
2013- Magnus Carlsen Nuṛvij

Ilugan n urar

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Ṭṭrenǧ yurar deg telwiḥt tamkuẓt tebḍa ɣef 64 n timkuẓin, timkuẓin-nni sɛant snat tiɣmiwin : ṣfan em amellal neɣ awraɣ; ed tiɣmi nniḍen : yestulles em aberkan neɣ azegzaw[1].

Imussuyen n tisiway n urar

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Telwiḥt tamkuẓt n ṭṭrenǧ em umkan n umennuɣ, deg-s taredsa n yal amyurar ttnaɣen ad nekkes ugellid n uxṣim-is, taredsa n yal amyurar deg-s 16 n tisiway n urar. Deg ṭṭranǧ llan 6 leṣnaf n tisiway[1] :

  • Agellid (♔, ♚) : yal agellid yezmer yettembiwil akked yiwen amkuẓ deg ɣer yal tama.
  • Lberǧ (♖, ♜) : yal amyurar yesɛa snat lebraǧ, lberǧ-nni yezmer yettembiwil akked 1-7 timkuẓin deg tanilat agi (⇆, ⇅).
  • Ilu (♗, ♝) : yal amyurar yesɛa snat yiluten, ilu yezmer yettembiwil deg yal amkuẓ deg tanilat agi ( ↖ ↘ ↗ ↙).
  • Aneɣlaf / vizir (♕, ♛) : yal amyurar yesɛa aneɣlaf, aneɣlaf yezmer yettembiwil em Lberǧ ed ilu.
  • Amnay / aɛudiw (♘, ♞) : yal amyurar yesɛa snat imnayen / iεudiwen, aɛudiw-nni yezmer yettembiwil am isumal n usekkil ''L''.
  • Aserdas (♙,♟) : yal amyurar yesɛa 8 iserdasen, asedas yezmer yettembiwil akked yiwen amkuẓ ɣer zdat (snat deg tazwara n urar), ed ad yeṭṭfeɣ tisiway n axṣim-is deg tanilat (↖, ↗) akked yiwen amkuẓ.
  1. 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 et 1,7 (en) chess, deg britannica.com.
  2. 2,0 et 2,1 azday s tafransist échecs, deg larousse.fr.

Muqel daɣen

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