Igawawen

Leqbayel (ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ), d isem nniḍen i fkan Weɛraben i wegdud Azwaw imi-id kecmen Tafriqt ugafa.

Ansa i d yekka wawal n “Leqbayel”

Anamek n wawal-agi yekka-d ahat seg teɛṛabt d "(Agdud n) iderman". Rruman ssawalen-asen d Quinquegentanei "semmus (5) n Iderman" (wid izedɣen neɣ yettidiren Mons Ferratus, "Adrar n ğerğer"), wissen isem n tura ma yekka-d seg win n zik neɣ uhu.

Ur neksib ara aḥric ameqran n tansa ɣef umezruy n yisem-aki, maca (d acu kan) nezmer a nefk yiwet n turda yesɛan assaɣ s tawtilt n Tamurt n Izwawen deg ukud-nni (tallit-nni) imi medden ddren seddaw n tezmert neɣ iduba (adabu) n tiddukla n iderman. Ass-aki llan kra imusnawen iqbayliyen i d-yuran dakken isem n yeqbayliyen aẓaran (anaṣli) d Igawawen neɣ Izwawen. Af tekti-yaki amusnaw n Tesmislit azwaw Mas Salem Caker yuran-d dakken Iqbayliyen ttun isem-nsen anaṣli "Izwawen" i d-yekkan seg wassag n yiwet n Taddart yettwasnen aṭas deg Tmurt iqbayliyen zîk. S tutlayt Tafransist awal "Zouave" yekka-d seg Azwaw. Llan kra imusnawen n umezruy igrigiyen i d-yudren awal-ag Aqbayli neɣ iqbayliyen (leqbayel) s talɣa n Cabales. Acku ur nezmir ara ass-a ad d-nefk ttbut ma yella seg wawal-a i d-yekka neɣ uhu, imi ur nesɛi kra n ttbut .

Agdud Azwaw (Agdud Aqbayli)

Amezruy n agdud Azwaw, d amezruy ameqran akk-d yewwin i g issewhamen, εeddan luluf n iseggasen, azal 10 000 iseggasen uqbel talalit n Lmasih ; d imezdaγ imezwura n Tefriqt ugafa uqbel n tlalit n umezruy atrar, agdud Azwaw d yiwen wegdud gar yegduden iqdimen i yeğğan later deg umezruy n yemdanen.

Agdud Azwaw yedder, yerna yexlef Agdud Arumani, yiwen amenkud i yestaεmren ddunit irkul, yexlef Agdud Afiniqi, ladγa Yugurtan yemmut s tidet agdud-is yedder, yexlaf Marius; tura arraw-is kren ţlaεin i wid ur numin ara; adgud Azwaw atan dagi andaţ Roma? Lkahina temmut, s tidiţ, yessi-is krent tura ţnadin; andat εuqba Bnu-nafiε? I wid mazal ur numin ara agdud Azwaw atan mazal dagi! Tidet amezruy n wegdud Azwaw yessewham acku d yiwen n umezruy yeţwebnan γef taγert, tuccda, akk-d iseflan n imawlan-is.

Ussan agi Izwawen ttidiren g lweqt n la renaissance n-sen, sennig aγebbar n lweqt akk-d d leqhar n iεdawen, tteddun γer zdat, aqlaγ nettwali tallit n lğens, Lğens Azwaw.

Izwawen g zik semman iman-sen Imaziγen , Agdud Amaziγ, win ur neqbil ara lbatel neγ akerwa.

Amezruy Atrar

Deg Amezruy Atrar, Izwawen maci d inumidyen inumdiyen d icawiyen d icnwiyen lqbayel nutni des maures pas numides]], llan iγerfan n yewen uwanek, yeddren azal n 100 n iseggasen (seg azal 206 UL* di lweqt n tageldit n Masnsen, agellid di facto n Numidia, armi lexsara n Yugurtan g 104 UL) awanek agi yettusema Numidia.

Numidia tella azal n Dzayer akk-d Tamurt n Izwawen lwahid.

Numidia tbed meyya iseggasen, llan wid qqaren dakken meyya nissegassen d wacemma, maεna timura n ddunit merra ur sεant ara akter n 30 iseggassen di laεmer-nsent, amek yezmer yewin ad inni belli Numidia d ulac i tella? Numidya i gεacen akter n meyya n iseggasen, akter n Dzayer akk-d timura n Tefriqt merra, akter n uhric ameqran n timura n l Europ n ccerq, mi teγli Numida tsεa azal n laεmer n l Canada!

Amnekcam arumani

Lestaεmar arumani yenzeg akter n 525 isegassen, seg lexsara n Yugurtan zdat irumaniyen g 104 UL armi uγelluy n inugura agi s iffassen n Geiseric Aεiban (agellid n Ivandaliyen) akk-d inelmaden-is mi g kecmen γer Tafriqt ugafa g 429.

Imnekcamen Ivandalen

Geiseric yebnad tageldit tamezwarut n Ivandaliyen g Tafriqt ugafa s Saldae (Bgayet) am tamaneγt-is; yestaεmered Sicillia, Sardegna, Corsica, akk-ed tegzirin n Catalan, yernad yekcem γef Roma yewid yides mi i gefeγ, azal n yewen n ddurt g 455, atas n igerrujen akk-ed iseflawen n lğameε n Lquds (iseflawen i gfkan Iyahudiyen i lğameε-nsen) i d yewi Titus γef Roma melmi igstaεmered Lquds.

Amnekcam Abyzanti

Ivandaliyen ţwakssent di Tafriqt ugafa s iεsekriyen n Justinianus I, agellid n umekad Abyzanti; amenkad n ivandaliyen ydum-d 105 isegassen (429-534).

Yiwen lamer yesεan atas n wazal di lwegt-nni; ahric ameqran n imaziγen rebhen telelli-nsen, mi yal aggay yetsnaγ mgal wayid.

Amenkad Abyzanti ydumed g Tafriqt ugafa s 534 armi i gxser amgaru mgal Iεraben wid bdan Ttrad n Lesteεmar n Tefriqt g lqern wis tmanya (azal n 642 -705).

Amnekcam Aεrab

Iεraben qetεen lebher, staεmren Maser g 642, kemlen alhu-nsen, zedmen γef tamurt n imaziγen, tamurt n leqbayel.

Listiεmar Aεrab, am lbers, di tamuggit γef Izwawen i yella; imi Imaziγen rebhen kkra n lehna, akk-d tallalit, seqsefen azaglu akk-d alehu n amenkud abyzanti γer usamer n tilisa-nsen.

Izwawen nuγen-d mgal Iεraben s wayen akk yellan, s tazmart, s lğehd, s tudert-nsen, imi ţwallan simmal iţeddu aεdaw simmal yexreb, yenγa, yehreq, yeqher ayen yellan d amaziγ, ayen yesεan rruh n umaziγ. Mbeεd akter n sebεa meyya n isegassen n tagrawla, Imaziγen εyan, cban izem nni ur sεin ara azuren merra imi tazzla n idammen-is texla ayen yeqimen di lğehd-is, ayen yeqimmen di tmanegt-is, ur yezmir ad yeker; izem Azwaw yeγli-d ur yekkir ara, Iεraben hesben d lmut i g yemut.

Mbeεd amerni aqher; ilulufen n imaziγen, tilawen xesrent lherma-nsent akk-d asehru-nsent, ilulufen n warrac n Izwawen imelsiyen ufan lmut si ifassen n iεsekriyen Iεraben, ilulufen nnidden zzenzen-ten aklan g leswaq n Mecca.

Imi tfuk Taslekt ni Iεaben, Tafriqt ugafa tuγaled d amγiz ni iklan γef leswaq n Ccerq-alemmas.

Izwawen am akken ad menεen tudert n tarwa-nesn, akk-d ayen i geqimen di lherma n tilawen-nsen qeblen, ijenwiyen g ullawen nsen, ddin amaynut n iεraben; iεraben wwden anda yewin n lğens ur yewwi-d, zzuγren telelli n imaziγen.

Sienna d asawen, tutlayt n imaziγen akk-d ismawn-sen uγallen d lehram.

G 705 anbaz Aεrab i-bereh belli tamurt n Izwawen d yiwet n tamnatt tamenzut n umnkad aεrab ara tilli; Tafriqt ugafa tεeda g yiwen n ukala ig bedlen idles-is, tamuγli-is, akk-d imal-is.

Amnekcam Aεrab yeqqim armi yetwabdal s lestiεmar n Iεetmaniyen seddaw n timelwi n Khairr ad-Din d ayetma-s εaruj, i d-xelqen atrar ussamer n Dzayer, bdan asseγwel n tama agi am asutel n ifflisen n ddunit merra. Taflist-nsen ternu, temγid γef lqrun 1600; taflist mgal lbaburat n Lmarican g Lebher-nneγ sebba n Ttrad n Taflist Tamezwarut, akk-d Ttrad n Taflist Tis Snat, anda mutten atas n imddanen imelsiyen.

Amnekcam arumi (Fransa)

Deg 1830, s sebba belli Lbay n Dzayer yewwet amalway n tamahelt-is, Fransa tenbez Dzayer; lameεna, azbu i g qquren n Izwawen, Amγar Ameqran (El-Mokrani) akk-d Fadma n Sumer, stεetlen taslekt agi almi Agud Azwaw yeţwaxdεen s ageldun n Iεraben yeţuseman εabd Qader imi d-yefka takbabt-is γef Amtawa n Tafna wahid Fransa.

Amtawa n Tafna, 30 Maggu 1837, yeswejd abrid γef wanger n Tamurt n Izwawen ihi kan teqled agezdir n Fransa. Fransa, isegassen kkra mbeεd, tefka-d Aguldun εabd Qader amidag n la Légion d'honneur akk-d tajεelt n 4000 Louis (idrimen n Fransa) mkul aggur armi yemut g 26 Maggu 1883.

Wagi d adris n Amtawa n Tafna: [1]

Melmi amgaru mgal tamurt n Izwawen ifuk, Fransa tezdem γef leğwahi nidden n Tafriqt ugafa terna texleq Ldzayer n tura; Tamut n Izwawen, Timura n uguldun εabd Qader, akk-d d unezruf usamer (timura n Twareg).

G 1954, Tazemmalt n Taslullit Taγelnawt (ALN) tebda ţţrad n taslullit; mbaεd n sebεa isegassen n imenγi, Fransa teğğa Dzayer g 19962. Ahric ameqran n 1,025,000 Pieds-Noirs akk-d 91,000 iherkiyen, azal n 10% n imezdaγ n Ledzayer g 1962, rewlen γef Fransa g usegas nni.

• Uqbel n Lmasih = Uqbel n Lweqt-nneγ