Ẓeṛ aɣbalu n Azal amagdez

'''Azal amagdez''' deg [[Tasnallunt|tesnallunt]] d akat n [[Asfijjej (tasnallunt)|usfijjej]] n yal [[tafekka tagnnawt]] deg [[asalay alogaritman|usalay alugaritman]] [[azal (tasnallunt)|anallun]] (am [[itri|yitran]] d [[itrakal|yimtiwgen]] ...), Ma d [[azal amaskad]] n kra n tfekka tagennawt yegda am akken yella ɣef wuggug ameslugen s wazal n 10 [[Afarsek|ifursak]] (neɣ ayen yegdan 32,6 n [[Afawatay|ifawatayen]]<ref>[http://www.astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro2201/mag_absolute.htm Apparent magnitudes and absolute magnitudes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616140014/http://astro.cornell.edu/academics/courses/astro2201/mag_absolute.htm |date=16 yunyu 2014}}</ref>. [[Tigget tasnullant]] tga d [[tigget]] n [[akat|wakat]] n wazal amagdez yeggunin ɣef tfekkiwin tigennawin deg [[Udus anafuk|wudus anafuk]].

==Azal amagdez atraw==
Azamul n wazal amagdez d {{mvar|M}} akken i yezmer ad yili usides (useqreb) n wazal-is s usemres n [[azal amaskad|wazal amaskad]] {{mvar|m}} d [[Tasineft|tsineft tatrawt]] {{mvar|p}}:

:<math> M = m + 5 \left(\log_{10}p+1\right),</math>

Neɣ s usemres n wazal amaskad {{mvar|m}} d [[azegrir n westum|uzegrir n westum]] {{mvar|μ}}:

:<math> M = m - \mu</math>.

Amdya, Azal amagdez n [[wadet]] -&minus;5.71.<ref name="detail">{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | aneggar1=Smiljanic | amezwar=R. | Aneggar2=Barbuy | amezwar2=B. | Aneggr3=de Medeiros | amezwar3=J. R. | aneggar5=Maeder | amezwar4=A. | Azwel=CNO in evolved intermediate mass stars | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=449 | issue=2 | tasniwin=655–671 |azemz=April 2006 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20054377 | bibcode=2006A&A...449..655S |arxiv = astro-ph/0511329 | postscript = . }}</ref> Ma yella ɣer [[iserɣi|yizerɣi]] iga +1.4.<ref name="Brosch2008">{{cite journal|aneggar=Brosch|amezwar=Noah|Azwel=Modern optical measurements|volume=354|aseggas=2008|tasniwin=89–117|issn=0067-0057|doi=10.1007/978-1-4020-8319-8_5|journal=Astrophysics and Space Science Library|series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library|isbn=978-1-4020-8318-1}}</ref> imalla awah llan deg yiwen n ustum ɣef [[tagnit|tengit]] tili d itri n yizerɣi ara ad yefken [[affaw]] ugar n yitri n wadet<br/> 
Azal amagdez d win yettusemrasen i tussna n usfijjej n [[itri|yitran]]

== Amazallew ==
D ayen imrayen (iweɛṛen) ad tili tukza n wazal amagdez n [[amazellaw|imazellawen]] s usrag n wemray n tukza tufrint n tansa n yiri n tfekka tasagnawt. Yerna yessefk ad yettusens useɣti s usrag n tilin n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛur]] n [[aɣaras n walim|uɣaras n walim]], ɣas akken yella wanect-a maca affaw d wazal amagdez n imazellawen yezmer ad yili s [[Azal amaskad|wazal amaskad]] d tukza n ustum<ref>[http://gtn.sonoma.edu/resources/normal_galaxies/galaxy_luminosity.php Galaxy Luminosity Classes] {{assaɣ yerrẓen|date= yulyu 2018 |bot=JarBot}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715231208/http://gtn.sonoma.edu/resources/normal_galaxies/galaxy_luminosity.php |date=15 yulyu 2010}}</ref>.

== Iseffuden == 

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:Tasnakkat]] 
[[Taggayt:tiggtin n wektay asnallun]]
[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]