Zhu Xi

Zhu Xi (1130-1200) yella d afelsaf n tmurt n Ccinwa, yerna d yiwen seg yergazen imeqqranen i d-yessemlin "Tacunfisyunit Tamaynut" (Neo-Confucianism). D netta i d-yefkan udem i tfelsafit n Ccinwa i waṭas n lqurun, aladɣa di tallit n twacult n Song.

Tudert-is s

Ilul-d di Fujian, di Ccinwa. Yeɣra aṭas segmi yella d ameẓyan. Yewwi amkan (leqdic) deg udabu n Ccinwa acḥal n tikkal, maca amur ameqqran n wakud-is issedda-t deg uselmed d tira. Yella yettnadi ad d-yaf lmeɛna n tidmi n Confucius, maca s wallen n tallit-is.

Tafelsafit-is

Tafelsafit n Zhu Xi tebna ɣef tmuɣli d tameẓlayt ɣef umeɣraḍ d umdan. Yebɣa ad d-yessemlil tidmi n Confucius d wayen i d-nnan ifelsafen nniḍen i t-id-yezwaren.

Iferreq ger sin n yiferdisen igejdanen n ddunit:

Li (Amenzay): D "amenzay" neɣ "alugen" yellan deffir yal taɣawsa. Yal tɣawsa (amdan, tasekla, itri) tesɛa Li ines. D ayen i d-yettakken i tɣawsa talɣa-s d wamek i tella. D tidet tamagdezt ur nettbeddil ara.
Qi (Taẓwert neɣ Tanga): D "taẓwert n tudert" neɣ "tanga" i yesseḍfaren Li. D anagaw (matériel) n ddunit, d ayen iɣ-yeǧǧan nenṭer neɣ nemyeggarad. Qi yezmer ad yili d azedgan neɣ d arazedgan, d aya i d-yettaken amgired ger yimdanen d tɣawsiwin, ɣas akken sɛan yiwen n Li.

Taiji (Agejdi Ameqqran) Ɣer Zhu Xi, Taiji (yeqqar-as "Tagara Tameqqrant") d llsas n yimenzayen ( Li) merra. D netta i ten-id-yejmeɛn d yiwen.

Abrid n Uselmed (Gewu) Akken ad yegzu umdan Li (amenzay) n tɣawsiwin, yessefk ad yexdem ayen iwumi yesemma "Gewu" (Akayad n tɣawsiwin). Anamek-is, ilaq ad yezger, ad isleḍ tɣawsiwin n tudert n yal ass, seg tɣawsiwin timeẓyanin armi d timeqqranin, akken ad yegzu imenzayen i tent-iseddayen. S wakka, ad yelmed amek ad yidir s tuẓult d lmeɛqul.

Tazrirt-is

Ayen yeqqimen mliḥ deffir Zhu Xi d leqdic-is ɣef "Rebɛa n Yedlisen" (Adlis Ameqqran, Tameddurt n Ulemmas, Awalen n Confucius, d Mencius).

Yessemli-ten, yessefhem-iten yiwen yiwen.
Iwenniten i yura ɣef yedlisen-a uɣalen d nutni i d llsas n uselmed unṣib di Ccinwa.
Iwakken ad yawi yiwen amkan deg udabu (ad isɛeddi akayaḍ n unekcum), ilaq ad yissin mliḥ isegziyen n Zhu Xi.
Tazrirt-is teqqim i qrib 700 n yiseggasen di Ccinwa, yerna teffeɣ armi d Japan d Kurya.

S wegzul, Zhu Xi d yiwen seg yifelsafen i yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant akk, acku d netta i d-yessemlalen tidmi n Confucius tamzwarut d tmuɣli tamaynut, tamẓlayt, ɣef umeɣraḍ.