Vespasyan

Vespasyan (ilul deg 17 wember n useggas 9, yemmut deg 23 yunyu n useggas 79) d amenkad aṛumani i d-yeṭṭfen adabu seg useggas 69 ar 79. D netta i d-yesbedden agdez aflabyan, yettwassen s usigna n temḥaddit n Tmenkda Taṛumanit deffir yiwet n tezɣent d umgaru aɣarman ameqqran i d-yeḍran deffir tmettant n Niru.

Temẓi d tneflit-is

Vespasyan ilul-d deg taddart n Falakrina (Falacrinae), deg temnaḍt n Sabin, tama n Rityi (Reate) deg Ṭṭalyan n wass-a. Mgal aṭas n yimenkaden i t-id-yezwaren, Vespasyan ur d-yekki ara seg yiwet n twacult tageldant neɣ tamasɣant n Ruma, maca yusa-d seg "Tasunḍa n iɛudiwen". Baba-s, Titus Flabyus Sabinus, d amelqqaḍ n tewsiwin, yerna d amdan i yettqadaren asurdi.

S tsertit d ugama-s(ṭṭbiɛa-s) ur nessin zzux, Vespasyan yekcem ɣer tudert tasertant d tserdasit s tḥerci, yuli asurif s usurif deg tseddarin n tedbelt d lɛesker n Ṛuma.

Amecwar aserdas d yimenɣiwen

Vespasyan yettwassen s tezmert-is deg yimenɣiwen. Isekker-d aṭas n yimenɣan iserdasiyen imeqqranen :

Anekcum ɣer Briṭanya (43 - 44): S ddaw ufus n umenkad Kludyus (Claude), Vespasyan yella d aqerru ɣef Tegrumma Tis Snat (Legio II Augusta). Iban-d aṭas deg unekcum aṛumani ɣer tegzirt n Briṭanya (Grande-Bretagne n wass-a), anda i d-yewwi aṭas n truẓiwin mgal teqbilin tidiganin. Ayagi yefka-yas-d tisellat tameqqrant deg Ṛuma.
Tagrawla n Wudayen (66 - 69): Deg useggas 66, tnekker-d tegrawla tameqqrant deg tmurt n Yahuda (Judée). Amenkad Niru yefka-yas asenfar i Vespasyan akken ad yesseɣli tagrawla-a. S yiwet n tezmert d tḥerci n ujiniral, Vespasyan yessaweḍ ad d-yerr aṭas n temdinin ɣer ufus n Ṛuma, uqbel ma yeǧǧa taɣawsa deg ufus n mmi-s Titus asmi yella yettazzal ɣef udabu.

Aseggas n Kuẓ n Yimenkaden d tuṭṭfa n udabu (69)

Asmi yemmut Niru deg useggas 68, Ruma tkecm-itt tezɣent taɣarmant tameqqrant, yettwassnen s yisem n "Useggas n Kuẓ n Yimenkaden". Deg yiwen n useggas (69), ɛeddan-d kraḍ n yimenkaden: Galba, Utu (Othon), d Vitilyus (Vitellius).

Iserdasen n Usammer (Igipti, Surya, d Yahuda) fernen Vespasyan d amenkad. S wudem uzzig, yewwi-d adeg n leqrar d tegmat seg yisurdasiyen-is akked lḥakem n maṣer Tiberiyus Alyksandarus. Iserdasen n Vespasyan, s ddaw leɛnaya n ujiniral-is Antunyus Primus, kecmen ɣer Ruma, sseɣlin Vitilyus, dɣa Asqamu aṛumani yesteɛref s Vespasyan d amenkad amaynut deg wember 69.

Tamenkda-s d tsertit tadamsant

Asmi yewweḍ ɣer udabu, Ṛuma tella tettwaɣ d leflas s ssebba n wemgaru aɣarman d uṣerref n Niru. Vespasyan yesbedd-d timsal s wudem ufrir :

Tiẓeṭṭḍin d teẓraf: Yesseɣti tadamsa n Ṛuma i yeɣlin. Yessers-d tiwsiwin timaynutin, gar-asent tiwsi ɣef yibdaz izuyaz. Asmi mmi-s Tiṭus yelum-it mgal tiwsi-a, Vespasyan yefka-yas-d tanfalit-nni yettwassnen aṭas: "Pecunia non olet" (Idrimen ur sriḥen ara).
Tadbelt d usaḍuf: Yesseɣti Asqamu aṛumani, yessekcem ɣur-s aṭas n yimaslaḍen imaynuten n "tesmilt temnayt" seg yakk timnaḍin n Tmenkda. Iṣeggem tiwuriwin duzref.
Isekkiyen d lebni: Yesseḥbiber ɣef uḥric n lebni. Yebda abnay n uxxam ameqqran n wurar n yigelliden "asebdir(Amfityatr) Aflabyan", i neqqar ass-a Akulusyum. Yebna daɣen Afakan n Talwit.

Tameddurt tazzayant d tagara-s

Vespasyan yella d amdan ur nettɛenni ara ɣer zzux am Niru neɣ Kaligula. Yettwassen s ukyis, zzhir, d tezdeg n wul-is, xas akken yella d aqesḥan deg usaḍuf(lqanun). Ur yessuli ara azal i yiman-is aṭas send tmettant-is.

Yemmut s waṭṭan n uberriḍ d yir aṭṭan deg zik n useggas 79. Llant-d kra n tenfaliyin-is tineggura anda yessenṭeq s tmesɣiwt: "Vae, puto deus fio" (Awaɣzen, aql-iyi ad uɣaleɣ d ṛebbi!) – acku di Ruma, amenkad ma yemmut yettwaḥseb d agellid / ṛebbi.

6. Tukkest

Tameddurt n Vespasyan teǧǧa-d latar n talwit d uselkem i Ruma. Yeǧǧa-d snat n warrac ara t-iweṛten, Titus d Dumisyan (Domitien). Titus d netta i t-id-iweṛten s talwit, d wayen ur d-neḍri ara acḥal d iseggasen di Ruma. Tawsit taflabyant tekker-d s wudem amnekni d ulamek, tessiweḍ ad terr Ruma deg ubrid n timawit d udellel.