Tamyit tamaziɣt taqburt

Azamul n yakuc Agurzil, yettwaf deg Tiddis.

Imaziɣen iqburen sbedden-d anagraw n usɣan d wumyan s lqay, i d-yesskanayen assaɣ-nsen akked ugama, igenni, d wid yemmuten.

Iɣbula n Tmyit Tamaziɣt (Tasarut n Tmusni)

Imi imaziɣen iqburen llan ttwaqqnen ɣer timawit d wansayen, aṭas n tmusniwin i d-newwi ɣef wumyan-nsen kkan-d seg kraḍ n yiɣbula igejdanen:

• Iɣbula ibeṛṛaniyen (Igrigiyen d Yirumaniyen): Imezrayen d yimusnawen iqburen, ugar-nsen Hirudut (Hérodote), fkan-d igzulen d yimawalen lqayen ɣef yiyakucen d tsedmirin n yimaziɣen iqburen (i llan ttsemmin-asen Ilubiyen).
• Taẓuri n yiẓra d tsenzikt (tasnarkulujit): Unuɣen n Tassili n Aǧǧer, aẓru n weṭlas, d tuttriwin tisemrasin sskanayen-d tugniwin n yiɣersiwen iqeddsen d yiɣsuran n ddin.
• Timawit d Wansayen n wass-a: Tisekkiwin n tsekla timawit, timucuha, inzan d tfaskiwin am Yennayer d tnezzut, sɛan iẓuran srid ɣer wumyan iqburen.

Iyakucen d Tyakucin Igejdanen

Am yigrawen iqburin nniḍen, tamyit tamaziɣt tesɛa agraw n yiyakucen i yettmuddun isem i tɣawsiwin n ugama, asirem, d yimenɣi:

Anẓar (Akuc n Waman d Ugeffur)

D yiwen seg yiyakucen yemnekden yettwassnen aṭas deg Tmazɣa, i yettbanen d amatar n tudert d tmerniwt. Asɣan-is iṭṭef adras ameqqran ar wass-a deg ddeqs n tmura n Tefriqt n Ugafa, s wansay n "Tislit n Wanẓar". Asmi ara teḥbes lehwa, tilawin ssewjayen-d taɣenjat yettwazewqen, ttɣennint tizlatin akken ad ssutrent deg Unẓar ad d-yerr amengi n waman ɣer yisafen u ad yefk tudert i tyerza.

Ifri / Tafrikt (Tayakuct n Yifran d Temḥaddit)

Tamyit tamaziɣt tefka azal i yifran d tesrafin imi llan d imukan n tɣellist. Ifri d tayakuct n temḥaddit d uḥraz, i d-yettakken isem-is ula i wegdud "Ifren". Ruma asmi tewweḍ ɣer Tmazɣa, truḥ teddem isem-nni n tayakuct-a rran-tt d Dea Africa (Tayakuct n Tefriqt), d nettat i d-yefkan isem i umenẓaw meṛṛa. Tettwassen daɣen s temḥaddit n yiminigen d tnezzut.

Gurzil (Akuc n Ṭṭrad d Tezmert)

D akuc s talɣa n wezger d yiṭij. Yettwassen s waṭas ɣer teqbilin timensayin n yilewaten (Laguatan) deg Libya, yella d amatar n tebɣest. Deg tneqqisin n yimenɣiyen, llan srusun aqerru n wezger i wakken ad sen-d-yefk Gurzil(neɣ Agurzil) tagzemt u ad kksen tigdi i yigen-nsen mgal irumaniyen d yibizanṭiyen.

Amun / Aman (Akuc Ameqqran)

D illu (akuc) ameqqran n tanzruft, yettwassen s yikraren-is d tmerkantiwt-ines deg temdint n Siwa (Maṣer). Igrigiyen sduklen-t d Wakuc-nsen "Zeus" (uɣalen s isem n Zeus-Ammon), maca aẓar-is yekka-d seg tesnimant d tkerrist tmaziɣt, d azamul n tkessawt d temnukda taqburt.

Aẓar Amenzu: Amun deg Tɣerma n Maṣer

Deg umezruy unṣib n maṣer taqburt, Amun (neɣ Imen) yekka-d seg tɣerma n Maṣer. Awal-a s tmaṣrit taqburt anamek-is "Win yeffren".

• Tazwara-s: Yebda yettwassen deg Tlallit Taqburt n tɣerma tamaṣrit s wudem amecṭuḥ am wakuc n ugeffur d waḍu.
• Asimɣer-is: Azal-is yuli nezzeh deg tallit n Tlallit Talemmast d Tlallit Tamaynut deg tɣerma tamaṣrit, ladɣa asmi i d-yewwi adabu ɣer temdint n Waset (Tiba / Thèbes). Dinna yeddukel akked wakuc n yiṭij "Ra", yuɣal d Amun-Ra, agellid n yiyakucen u d amḥaddi n yiferɛunen.

S waya, taṭurduksit n umezruy tessebgan-d belli Amun s tmuɣli tanaṣlit yekka-d seg wasif n Nil, mačči d amaziɣ seg tazwara. Maca, tadyant n Amun ur tfukk ara dagi.

Asileɣ d Tmazɣa: Afakan n Siwa

Ayen i d-yettaran Amun yesɛa taɣara tamaziɣt d awwaḍ-is ɣer tlemmast n tneẓruft taɣerbayt, ɣer temdint n Siwa (Isiwan). Siwa d adeg amaziɣ s waṭas n wansayen-is d tutlayt-is (Tasiwit), yezga-d deg rrif n tlisa gar Maṣer d Libya n wass-a.

Deg tegzirt-a tamecṭuḥt (oasis), yebna yiwen wafakan ameqqran i wurakl n Amun. Afakan-a yewweḍ ɣer yiwet n cciɛa meqqren deg umaḍal agrakal. Imaziɣen imuriyen d yinumidiyen llan ttasen-d ɣur-s i wakken ad d-ssutren tifrat ɣef txidas n tudert-nsen. Cciɛa n wafakan-a tewweḍ armi ula d aɣella agrigi Aleksander Ameqqran yerza-d ɣur-s deg useggas 331 u.Ɛ (uqbel Ɛisa) srid seg Maṣer, i wakken ad t-yeqbel urakl-nni d mmi-s n Amun, ayen i as-yefkan aẓayer n uferɛun.

Azamul n Yikerri: D ansay Amaziɣ neɣ Amaṣri?

Imyerren igejdanen n Amun, ladɣa deg temnaḍt n Siwa d Tmazɣa, qqnen srid ɣer yikerri. Yettmuggez-d d akuc s uqerru neɣ s wacciwen n yikerri yemḍewwren.

Dagi i d-yekcem umezruy amaziɣ s telqayt. Amusnaw n umezruy Gabriel Camps d wiyaḍ ssegzan-d yiwen n usileɣ ameqqran:

1. Aqader n Yikerri ɣer Yimaziɣen: Uqbel ad d-yaweḍ Amun ɣer yimaziɣen, ineggaru-ya llan ttgallayen s yikerri. Tasnarkulujit tufa-d deg udrar n weṭlas aṣeḥrawi aṭas n wunuɣen ɣef yiẓra i d-yesskanayen ikerra isɛan aḍebsi n yiṭij gar wacciwen-nsen. Tamyit-a d tin i d-yebdan aṭas n leqrun uqbel n usimɣer n Amun deg Maṣer.
2. Tadukli n Sin Wumyan: Asmi taɣerma tamaṣrit tufa-d iman-is gar teqbilin tilubiyin (timaziɣin) n Siwa d tneẓruft, tebna assaɣ gar Wakuc-nsen "Amun-Ra" akked Wakuc-nni aɣerfan n yimaziɣen i d-yettugensen s yikerri. Yuɣal Amun n Siwa, i d-wwin Yigrigiyen u semman-as Zeus-Ammon, d asdukkel gar wucen amaṣri d wansay amaziɣ n uqader n yikerri.

Antay d Tinjis (Antée d Tingis)

Antay d agellid amaziɣ (neɣ akuc) n wakal. Deg wumyi, yella d mmi-s n Wakal d Yilel, ur yettwut ara deg yimenɣi ma yeqqim tfekka-s tettnal akal. Yettwassen s umenɣi-s ameqqran mgal Hiraklis (Héraclès). Tameṭṭut-is d Tinjis, i yellan d ssebba n usileɣ d usemma n temdint taqerṭant n Ṭanja deg Merruk.

Tanimit: Assaɣ ɣer Ugama d Yitran

Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef umnekni d uqader n ugama (Animisme). Imaziɣen sɛan assaɣ lqayen gar-asen d wayen i ten-id-yezzin:

• Tafukt d Ayyur: Imaziɣen iqburen, akken t-id-yeffser umezray Herodotus, llan ttbuddun iseflawen i tfukt (iṭij) d wayyur. Asɣan-a yettban-d deg tewsatin n tira d ccwami i d-yegran deg yidles amaziɣ sumata.
• Idurar d Tiẓgiwin: Adrar n weṭlas (Atlas) mačči kan d adrar adigan, maca d azamul adelsan. Deg wumyi n yigrigiyen, Atlas d Atitan irefden igenni ɣef tuyat-is, maca laṣel-is tkka-d srid seg tmuɣli tuɣrist tamaziɣ i yiɣeẓran d tqacucin n yidurar.

Anagraw amyan amaziɣ yebna ɣef tikti n "tdukli n ugama d yakuc" (animisme/panthéisme). Imaziɣen iqburen ur bḍin ara gar win d-ixelqen d wayen yettwaxelqen.

Ma nmuqel-it s tmuɣli n tfeṣna, nezmer ad nini d akken agama s timmad-is d ayakucan ameqqran. Yakuc amaziɣ ur yezgi ara beṛṛa i umaḍal, maca yettwagenses deg-s. Agama yessekfal-d imyerren yemgaraden n tumast-is, u yal aḥric deg ugama (am udrar, asif, aẓru, neɣ aseklu) yettili d askar id-yesskanayen udem seg wudmawen n tudert. Ihi, ayen yeddren neɣ ayen illan merra yeddukkel s yiwet n tawenza i yezdin lxelq ɣer llsas-is.

Asɣan-a n ugama yettban-d deg waṭas n yeḥricen:

• Iẓra d yidurar (Litholâtrie): Imaziɣen llan ttqadaren iẓra imeqqranen d tqacucin n yidurar imi ttwalin-ten d iɣsuran igejdanen n tumast. Aṭas n yimukan ttwaxeddmen d isemḍal neɣ d ideggen i d-yessuturen tasreɣta, am udrar n Jurjura neɣ Awrasi, i llan d izamulen n tɣellist d lewqama.
• Tiliwa d isafen: Aman d asagem n tudert. Imaziɣen llan fkan isem n tqedsit i waṭas n tliwa d yisafen. Llan srusun iseflawen ɣer rrif n waman, ttẓallun i wakken ad ssiriden aṭṭanen-nsen neɣ ad d-ssutren aɛiwen. Ansay n tuzza n tiɣersiwin (tifeɣwa) ɣer waman neɣ tacuddit n lḥenni ɣef yisekla yeṭṭfen deg tliwa d ansay id-yegran ar wass-a.
• Isekla iqeddsen: Isekla imeqqranen am tzebbujt neɣ taslent llan ttwamugzen d imukan n tẓallit, anda imettiwen d lejdud ẓẓun iẓuran-nsen.

Iyakucen Numidiyen d Yimuriyen ur Nettwassen Ara Aṭas

Ssebba i yeǧǧan aṭas n yiyakucen imaziɣen ad d-ggren deg tatut d akken imaziɣen llan seddayen ismawen n yiyakucen-nsen d wid n yirumaniyen (asdukkel n yisɣanen - syncrétisme), neɣ ur d-ǧǧin ara idlisen s tira-nsen ɣef waya. Maca, tiggaz i d-tufa tesnarkulujit deg teblaḍin d yiẓekwan, ladɣa deg Numidya d Muriṭanya, ssuliyent-d igrawen n yiyakucen ur nelli ara d imeqqranen am Anẓar neɣ Gurzil, maca llan d igejdanen deg tmiwa-nsen:

Baccax (Bacax)

D akuc n yifran d yidurar. Yettwassen s waṭas deg temnaḍt n Numidya (gar Tqerṭajt d Qsenṭina), ladɣa deg yifri aqeddas n Ghar El Djeema (Adrar n Taya). Afakan n Baccax yella d ifri s timmad-is. Imdanen llan ttasen-d ɣer yifri-a ad d-ssutren asujji neɣ usutel. Tirggaz yettwafen dinna qqarent-d: "I yakuc ameqqran Baccax", ayen i d-yesskanayen aẓayer n tmusni n wakuc-a deg tjumma tameqqrant.

Makurgum (Macurgum / Macurcum)

D akuc idigan yettwassnen aṭas deg tmiwa n Numidya taqburt. Yettunefk-as uzamul n temḥaddit. Yella d akuc iwumi llan ttgalayen deg wakud n waṭṭan neɣ n ṭṭrad, i d-yettmuddun tebɣest i yiɣermanen.

Auliswa (Aulisua)

D tayakuct neɣ d akuc n wakal d tayri. Yettwabder-d deg tira n waṭas n yimukan deg Tafriqt n Ugafa, yettwaqqen ɣer tmerniwt n wakal d yisufar n tfellaḥt. Auliswa tella d tnafa i yimkraz i d-yessuturen asnerni n lɣella i tmurt-nsen.

Abadir

Asigzel deg wawal-a yessakay-d taɣuri n "Aba-dir" (Bab n udrar neɣ aẓru ameqqran). Yella d akuc i d-yettgenses s wudem n uẓru uqebri. Iṛumaniyen asmi kecmen, wwin-d isem-a rran-t d azamul n wezṛu i yessebleɛ Saturnus (neɣ Kronos) deg wumyi-nsen. Maca aẓar-is amaziɣ yekka-d seg wansay lqayen n usqeds n yiẓra.

Sinifere d Varsissima

• Sinifere: D akuc n tebɣest d yimenɣi ɣer kra n teqbilin timuriyin. Llan tteggin-as tisekkirin n warraẓ send ad kecmen ɣer ṭṭrad.
• Varsissima: D tayakuct i d-yettwabedren deg temnaḍt n Muriṭanya Sṭifiyant (Tazmalt / Sṭif), i llan zedɣen-tt imdanen i tt-yettwalin d amḥaddi n twacult d wedrum.

Yucc neɣ Yakuc (Igucc)

Ɣas ma awal "Yakuc" yuɣal ass-a d agdazal n "Dieu" deg tmaziɣt, aẓar-is i d-yewwi umusnaw Abu Ɛubayd Al-Bakri si lqern wis 11, yesskan-d d akken taqbilt n Ibeṛɣwaten (Berghouata) deg Merruk llan sseẓallayen i yakuc ameqqran iwumi semman "Yucc" neɣ "Yakuc". D amatar i d-yessefhamen d akken, uqbel isɣanen inemlayen, imaziɣen llan ssawḍen ɣer tekti n Wakuc amyiwen (Monothéisme) i d-ixelqen igenni d wakal.