Kamakura Daibutsu, d asebdad n webṛunz wis 13 n Buda Amitābha deg Kanagawa Prefecture, Japun.
Tabudit (Buddhism s teglizit) d asɣan yerna d tafalsafit i d-ilulen di tmurt n Lhend, azal n 2500 n iseggasen aya. Ur tebni ara ɣef liman s yiwen n Yillu am yisɣanen nniḍen, maca tebna ɣef tmuɣli ɣef ugama n tudert, n leɛtab, d wamek ara yelḥeq umdan ɣer talwit n daxel d usellek.
Iẓuran n Tbudit bdan di Lhend, deg lqern wis semmus (neɣ wis seddis) uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa. Win i d-yesnulfan luluf-agi d yiwen wergaz isem-is Siddharta Gotama (Siddhartha Gautama).
Siddharta yella d ageldun, ilul di tirfeht d ulameɣ, meɛna yufa iman-is yeṭṭef-it uɣemlil d isteqsiyen mi iwala belli imdanen meṛṛa ttaɣen-ten lehlakat, tteɣlayen d imuḍan, ssawḍen ɣer temɣer d lmut.
Yeffeɣ seg uɣrem n baba-s, yeǧǧa akk ttrika-nni, dɣa iṛuḥ ad inadi ɣef wamek ara yefk tagara i unaɛtab n umdan. Mi yesɛedda iseggasen di leqraya deg takrebbut (méditation) qessiḥen, yewweḍ ɣer yiwen westaɛfu n uziɣer d tigzi, i wumi neqqar "Tifawt" neɣ "tukin". Seg yimir-nni i yuɣal yettusemma "Budda" (Buddha), i lmeɛna-s "Win Yukin" neɣ "Win Yefhmen".
Win i wumi neqqar "Budda" (Buddha), isem-is n tidet d Siddharta Gotama (Siddhartha Gautama). Ilul di Lumbini (ass-a di tmurt n Nipal), azal n lqern wis semmus neɣ wis seddis uqbel talalit n Sidna Ɛisa.[1]
Baba-s yella d agellid n tmetti n Sakya (Shakya). Siddharta ilul yerna yekker di tnezzagt tameqrant. Yettwaḥrez deg uɣrem n baba-s, ur yeẓri ara d acut lḥif neɣ lehlakat n ddunit. Baba-s yebɣa ad yili d agellid ameqran sdeffir-s, ur yebɣi ara ad iwali ayen n diri di tudert. Siddharta yezweǧ, yesɛa mmi-s, yerna yeččur d ttrika d ulameɣ.[2][3]
Asmi yesɛa 29 n iseggasen di leɛmer-is, Siddharta yebda yettqerriq. Yeffeɣ ɣer beṛṛa n uɣrem-nni i deg yella yettwaḥbes. Di tmezra-s (visites), imugger-d rbeɛa n tmuɣliwin i s-yebeddlen tudert-is:
Amɣar: Yewla yiwen umɣar aɛeẓẓug, d amellal s ccib. D tikkelt tamezwarut i deg yeẓra d acu i d temɣer.
Amuḍin: Yewla yiwen wergaz yeṭṭef-it lehlak d waṭṭan, yettenɛatab s waṭas.
Lmegget: Yewla lmegget, imdanen wwin-t ad t-meḍlen. Yefhem belli lmut d tagara n yal amdan.
Azemni: Dɣa imugger-d yiwen wergaz, d azemni, i yettqelliben ɣef talwit n daxel, ɣas akken ur yesɛi acemma di ddunit.
Timuɣliwin-agi sekcemt-as aɣemlil d useqsi. Yefhem belli alameɣ d tadfi i deg yella la yettidir d awezɣi ad yelli i lebda, yerna unaɛtab, temɣer, d lmut d tidet ur izmir yiwen ad as-yerwel.[4]
Siddharta yegzem-it di tidmi. Yebɣa ad yaf tifrat i unaɛtab-agi n umdan. Yiwen n yiḍ, yeǧǧa aɣrem n baba-s, yeǧǧa tameṭṭut-is, mmi-s, d ttrika meṛṛa, yerna yerwel ad yuɣal d azemni, d amnadi ɣef tideț.
Iseggasen (azal n seddis) i yesɛedda Siddharta la yettqellib. Yeqqar ɣer yiselmaden imeqranen n tallit-nni, yedda d yizemniyen n tiẓgi. Yebda yesseḥṛam iman-is seg wučči almi yewweḍ ɣer lmut, yettqessiḥ ɣef tfekka-s, iɣil d wagi i d abrid n usellek.
Maca, yufa belli leɛtab ameqran n tfekka ur t-yessawaḍ ara ɣer lefhama, am akken sɛaya tameqrant ur tessawaḍ ara. Yefhem belli abrid n tidet yella "gar-asen" (Abrid Alemmas).
Mi yeɛya seg usceṭṭef, yeṭṭef abrid alemmasan. Yeqqim seddaw n waddag (yiwet n ttejṛa n "Ficus religiosa"), i wumi neqqar ass-a "Addag n Tifawt neɣ n Tukin" , di tama n Bodh Gaya (Lhend). Yeggul ur yettembiwil ara seg wansi yeqqim alamma yefhem tideț tamagdezt.
Yeqqim la yesmeɛqel (takrebbut) azal n 49 n wussan. Di tallit-agi, yettɛedday ɣef ussis n wallaɣ ameqran, yennuɣ d yiǧenniwen n daxel-is (am aɣeǧǧaj, tkerkas, d ugur).
Deg yiwen yiḍ, yewweḍ. Tusa-d "Tifawt". Yefhem s telqayt ssebbat n unaɛtab (d aɣeǧǧaj), yefhem d acu i d karma, yefhem azzi n Tanalit (Samsara), yerna yefhem amek ara yelḥeq umdan ɣer usellek (Nirvana).
Seg tasint-nni, Siddharta Gotama yuɣal d "Budda", i lmeɛna-s "Win Yukin", "Win Yefhmen".
Mi yewweḍ ɣer Tifawt(Tukin), Budda yebda abrid-is n uselmed (Dharma) i kra n 45 n iseggasen i s-d-yeqqimen di tudert. Awal-is amezwaru yefka-t di Sarnath, i semmus-nni n yizemniyen i yellan yid-s zik. Yesselmed-asen "Kkuẓ n Tidit Tiɣezfanin" d "Ubrid n Ṭam n Tɣawsiwin".
Yesnulfa-d "Sangha" (agraw n yinelmaden, d imṛabḍen) i yeṭṭafaṛen aselmed-is.
Budda immut ɣef wazal n 80 n iseggasen di Kuśinagara. S tmuɣli n Tbudit, lmut-is mačči d tagara, maca d "Parinirvâna" (Asellek aneggaru), anda i d-yeffeɣ seg uzzi n Tanalit (Samsara) i dayem, yeḥbes seg yal talɣa n unaɛtab.
Karma: D tamiḍrant i d-yemmalen belli yal tigawt n umdan, ama d ufrir neɣ d awahan , yesɛa asemdu ɣef tudert-is tamirant neɣ ɣef tlalit-is i d-iteddun.
karma mačči d "tawenza" neɣ "lmektub" am akken i t-ttwalin kra. S tbudit, karma d asaḍuf n timental(ssebba) d inalkamen. Lmeɛna-s d akken yal tigawt, yal awal, neɣ yal tidmi i ixeddem umdan, ama telha (ufrir) neɣ tedderɣel (awahan), tesɛa inalkamen.
Tigawin yelhan, am tasellawt d leḥnana, ttarant-d inalkamen yelhan, ma d tigawin n diri, am tkerkas neɣ aɣeǧǧaj aqesḥan, ttarant-d inalkamen n naɛtab. karma d nettat i d-yesseḥraken azzi n Tanalit (Samsara).
Tudert deg uẓar n ttejra (trukkhamulik'anga) d yiwet seg thutaðgas, d amazrar n tikliwin tifraranin imunastiyen ibudiyen.Tanalit (Samsara): D azzi n tudert d lmut. Tabuddit tɣil belli arfiq, m'ur yewwiḍ ara ɣer "Nirvana", ad yettɛawed talalit di ddunit s talɣa nniḍen, ilmend n karma-nnes.
Tanalit d timiḍrant n uzzi ur neḥbis n tudert, lmut, d uɛawed n tlalit. S tmuɣli n Tbudit, aziɣer neɣ tafrit n umdan ur tfennu ara akk d lmut n tfekka.
Mi yemmut umdan, karma-nni i yessemlil di tudert-is (tigawin-is yelhan neɣ n diri) d nettat ara yeqqnen talɣa n tlalit-is tamaynut. Yezmer ad iɛawed talalit d amdan, d aɣersiw, neɣ di talɣa n tudert nniḍen. Iswi n umdan, dɣa, d asellek seg uzzi-yagi n Tanalit i d-yettawin daymen unaɛtab.
Nirvana (Nirvâna): D iswi aneggaru n Tbudit. Mačči d lǧennet, maca d talɣa n talwit tamagdezt anda iḥebbes aɣeǧǧaj, iḥebbes unaɛtab, yerna ifakk uzzi n tnalit (Samsara). D talwit n uziɣer ameɣlal.[5]
Nirvana (s tutlayt n Sanskrit lmeɛna-s "yexsi" neɣ "yensa" d iswi aneggaru di Tbudit. Mačči d lǧennet anda yettṛuḥu umdan sdeffir lmut. Nirvana d talwit tamagdezt i yezmer umdan ad yaweḍ meqqar mazal-it yedder.
Yettaweḍ ɣer Nirvana mi ara "yexsi" deg-s aɣeǧǧaj aqseḥan, tikerkas, d wugur n tafrit. D tagara n unaɛtab, tagara n uzzi n Tanalit. D tiweḍḍa ɣer westaɛfu ameqran d tigzi tameɣlalt.
4. Timiḍranin n "War-iman" (Anatta) d "War-timezigt" (Anicca)
Tebna Tbudit ɣef snat n tmuɣliwin timeqranin nniḍen:
War-timezgit (Anicca - Impermanence): Timiḍrant-agi tenna-d belli ulac ayen yeddumen, ulac ayen yellan d imezgi di tudert. Kulci itbeddil, ittemhaz yal tasint. Seg yitran armi d tidmi n umdan, kulci d awezɣi ad iqqim akken. Mi ara yefhem umdan timiḍrant-agi, ad yeḥbes ad yeṭṭef di tɣawsiwin, acku yeẓra ad beddlent.[6]
War-iman (Anatta - Non-Soi): D yiwet si tmiḍranin iweɛṛen ad tt-nefhem. Tbudit tenna-d belli ulac "iman" s timmad-is, i yeddumen, i yellan i yiman-is. Ayen i wumi neqqar "nek" neɣ "aziɣer", d agraw kan n tɣawsiwin i yettbeddilen (am tfekka, taḍist, tidmi, tafrit). Dɣa, aɣeǧǧaj n umdan ɣef "iman"-is d win i d-yettawin aṭas n unaɛtab.[7]
Asellek (Nirvana) yezmer ad yili kan mi ara yefhem umdan s telqayt belli kulci d war-imezgi yerna ulac "iman" s timmad-is (Anatta).
Seg Lhend, Tabuddit tennerna ɣer waṭas n tmura di Asya n Usamer. S tamhazt n lqrun, bḍant-d ɣef waṭas n yiḥricen:
Theravada (Abrid naqbur): Yeṭṭef aṭas deg uselmed n Budda amezwaru, yettili di Tayland, Sri Lanka, Cambodge...
Mahayana (Abrid Ameqran): D aḥric i yennernan di Ccinwa, Yapan (anda i d-yefka Zen), Tubet (Tibet), d Kurya. Yesseɣray belli "Tifawt" neɣ "Tukin", tezmer ad tili i yal amdan.
Ass-a, Tabuddit tettwaḥsab d yiwet si tfilusufiyin d yisɣanen imeɣradanen di ddunit, tefka azal ameqran i talsawt, i timlilɣi, d tkrebbut i wakken ad yelḥeq umdan ɣer tigzi d talwit.
