Taɣzent tamaziɣt n 1949
Tazɣent tamaziɣt n 1949 (arma d 1954) daxel n Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyiin Timagdayin (s tefransist: MTLD, Mouvement pour le triomphe des libertés démocratiques) d tazɣent tadamsant i d-yellan s ssebba n wemsefham gar yimeɣnasen d tmehla n ukabar ɣef ussefhem n ɣef wacu i d tamagit n Lezzayer d wemkan n tamaziɣt akked d imaziɣen deg Lezzayer timunent n uzekka[1].
Imeɣnasen iqbayliyen bɣan ad tettwassen Lezzayer s lsas n tidet-nnes n tmeddurt aydeg tella s waṭas n yiɣerfan (Iqbayliyen, Icawiyen, Imuhaɣ, Mẓab Aɛraben, d wid yetwaɛrben), yerna ad testeɛref s wakk iferdisen n tmurt, gar-asen tamaziɣt. Deg tallit n tezɣent, tafidiṛalit n Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyiin Timagdayin di tmurt n Fransa tessuffeɣ-d yiwen n ṛṛay i yeddan mgal tiktiwin n ukabar i d-yennan belli, “Lezzayer d taɛrabt-tinselmit”[2].
Ṭṭrad Amaḍlan II
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Send taggara n Ṭṭrad Amaḍlan II deg 1945, tamsalt n umkan d wazal n tamaziɣt deg Lezzayer yebḍa aɣelnaw azzayri ; d wagi i d ssebba nyimenɣi gar wid yebɣan Lezzayer timunent n uzekka ad tili d tamurt ara yeṭṭfen deg yedles aɛṛab d tneslemt mgal wid yebɣan ad teṭṭef deg tutlayt tamaziɣt d umezruy d yedles amaziɣ; lxilaf-a umi semman Tazɣent n Yimaziɣen n 1949. Yella d aɛewwiq amezwaru deg akabar n Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyiin Timagdayin.
Ɣer wemḍebber n ukabar-a, Messali El Ḥaǧ, akked yiɛeggalen n ukabar aɛṛaben, taɛṛabt d tneslemt llan d iferdisen igejdanen n tmagit n Lezzayer; s lsas n waya, Lezzayer d aɣref aɛṛab i yesɛan Lislam d ddin-is.[3].
Deg useggas n 1947, deg temlilit tamezwarut n Ukabar Aɣerfan Azzayri/Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyiin Timagdayin (PPA/MTLD s tefransist), ukkuẓ n leqvayel i yettwafernen d iɛeggalen n tesqamut talemmast n ukabar (Ḥusin At Ḥmed d yiwen deg-sen). Iqbayliyen nnuɣen s lǧehd akken ad tettwassen tmaziɣt s wudem unṣib yerna ad tekcem s wudem unṣib deg yiɣawasen d tmuɣli n Lezzayer timunent n uzekka, maca ur ssawḍen ara imi deg useggas n 1948, deg yiwet n tebrat i Yiɣlanen Yeddukklen, yura-d Umussu i Unalak n Tlelliyiin Timagdayin, “Aɣref azzayri, aɛṛab d inselmen yella seg lqern wis VII”[4]. Aya i d-yesnulfan aḥulfu n lexdeɛ d urrif n yiɛeggalen iqbayliyen n ukabar.
Deg 1949, yekker-d yiwen n ccwal, s tmuɣli n tmehla taɛṛabt daxel n ukabar mgal yiɛeggalen iqbayliyen n PPA-MLTD i yebɣan ad ttwaqbalent tmagit d tutlayt tamziɣt am yiwen n waḥric seg tɣelnawt tadzayrit[5].
Deg yiwet n tɣimit n Useqqamu n unemhal n Tfidiṛalit n Fṛansa n PPA/MTLD, amur ameqran seg-s iɛeggalen i yellan d leqvayel ssutren-d s yiwen n wadɣar mgal asenfar n Lezzayer taɛṛabt. Aya yessawḍ-d ɣer yimenɣi n tfekka gar yiɛeggalen n ukabar d tuḍḍfa ɣer lḥebs n waṭas n yimeɣnasen iqbayliyen, dɣa d aya ay yessawḍen aṭas seg-sen ad gzun d akken imdukal-nsen aɛṛaben n ukabar-nni beyyɛen-ten i yiduba ifṛensisen. [6]
Iɛeggalen iqbayliyen ttwatehmen belli llan ttḥulfun kan s temnaḍt-nsen, llan mgal taɣelnawt n Lezzayer; dɣa ttwakksen seg yimukan n tmehla n ukabar-nni sakkin ttwakksen-d seg ukabar s lekmal-nnes.
Deg tallit-nni, amussu n yimaziɣen yebḍa ɣef sin; imezwura llan wid i d-yesbedden amennuɣ ɣef uzarug d amezwaru, ma d amkan n tmagit tamaziɣt d wis sin ara d-nemmeslayen fell-as deffir ma tella-d Lezzayer timunent, wis sin llan wid i yebɣan ad ḍemnen ad ttwassen s wudem unṣib tamagit n tmaziɣt yerna ad msefhamen fell-as akk uqbel ad tebdu tegrawla (gar-asen yella Ḥusin At Ḥmed)[4].
Wid yesɛan tasertit-a taneggarut (wid i yebɣan ad ḍemnen ad ttwassen s wudem unṣib tamagit n tmaziɣt ) kksen-ten waɛraben seg uqerru n ukabar. Ḥusin At Ḥmed, i yellan uqerru n n Tuddsa Tusligt (s tefransist: OS, Organisation spéciale)[7], yettwakkes seg umkan-s imi yettunefk i Ben Bella yellan d aɛrab.[8]
Tagrawla
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tilufa ttḥettment, deffir tmettant n Moḥamed Belwezdad (aneggaru-a,d aɛrab daɣen, yeḍḍef amkan n Ben Bella d aqerru n Tuddsa Tusligt) s tɣawla s ssebba n waṭṭan n turet, tmehla n tuddsa teɛḍel s tɣawla i Ḥusin At Ḥmed imi ulac imḍebber aɛrab nniḍen ara t-id-yesbedden deg umkan-is.
Deg tallit n tegrawla, aṭas n yimeɣnasen n umussu n yimaziɣen iqbayliyen ttwanɣan s ufus n yiɣallen n n Tirni n Weslelli Aɣelnaw (FLN, Front de libération national s tefransist); gar-asen, wid yettwassnen aṭas, d Ɛli Rabya i yettwanɣan deg 1952[6] d Waɛli Bennay deg Fuṛaṛ 19, 957. Aneggaru-a i yuzen awal i Remḍan Ɛebban (Ɣef leḥsab n Ɛebdenur Ɛli Yaḥia[9]), yenna-yas: « Ini-as i Ɛebban belli s tɣuzi n uẓekka-w s timmad-ik, ula d kečč tɣuẓeḍ aẓekka-k.»
Tamsalt n taɛṛabt d tneslemt d tmeḥqranit-nsen ɣef tmagit d yedles n yimaziɣem deg Lezzayer tesɛa azal ameqqran deg yimenɣi n tegrawala n Lezzayer; aya iban-d deg yimenɣi n udabu gar waɛraben d leqvayel (ẓer imagraden ɣef tmettant n Remḍan Ɛebban, Ɛmiṛuc At Ḥemmuda, d Krim Belqasem).
Lezzayer timunent
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Deffir n timunent n Lezzayer, taɛrabt d tneslemt ttkemmilen d tisertiyin n tmuɣliwin n uwanak azzayri. Aya, ɣer yidis n lexṣaṣ n tugdut, d ssebba n waṭas n tnekriwin timeqqranin deg tmurt leqvayel ideg ttwanɣan aṭas n leqvayel s ufus n n yiɣallen n Lezzayer. Kra deg-sen d aẓdam n 1963 n udabu azzayri mgal FFS n Ḥusin At Ḥmed deg tmerurt n leqvayel s wugar n 400 n tmettanin[10], tefsut n yimaziɣen, d tafsut taberkant.
Iɣbula
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]- ↑ La «crise berbériste» de 1949, un conflit à plusieurs faces, Amar Ouerdane (s tefransist)
- ↑ Roger Faligot, Jean Guisnel, Rémi Kauffer, Histoire politique des services secrets français La Découverte 2013. Asebter 154 (s tefransist)
- ↑ (Salem Chaker, 1987 : 16)
- ↑ 4,0 et 4,1 Bernard Lugan, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord (Des origines à nos jours) édition 2016, Groupe Artège, Éditions du Rocher. Asebter 562 (s tefransist)
- ↑ Amar Ouerdane (1987) d (2003).
- ↑ 6,0 et 6,1 Bernard Lugan, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord (Des origines à nos jours) édition 2016, Groupe Artège, Éditions du Rocher. Asebter 563 (s tefransist)
- ↑ d afus imsellḥ n Ukabar, yettwakelfen s uheyyi n ttṛad mgal Fransa.
- ↑ Bernard Lugan, Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord (Des origines à nos jours) édition 2016, Groupe Artège, Éditions du Rocher. isebtaren 563-564 (s tefransist)
- ↑ Assassinat de Bennaï Ouali : extrait de l’ouvrage de Belaid Abane. Le Matin d'Algerie. La Rédaction, Ass n ssebt, 11 yulyu 2020. (s tefransist)
- ↑ Émeutes et mouvements sociaux au Maghreb, Didier Le Saout et Marguerite Rollinde, édition Karthala 1999, Asebter 146 (s tefransist). (ISBN 9782865379989).