Oscar Wilde

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (ilul deg 16 Tuber 1854, yemmut deg 30 Wamber 1900) yella d amedyaz, d amyaru n tmezgunin, yerna d ameskar n yingalen n tmurt n Irlanda. Yettuneḥsab d yiwen seg yimyura mechuṛen akk deg tallit-is n lqern wis 19 di Lundun, ladɣa s tḍuri-s d wallaɣ-is icebḥen. Isefra-s, ladɣa timezgunin-is, mazal-itenettwaɣran yerna ttwaxdamen ar ass-a. Nwala-t d anemsiweḍ ameqqran n tmuɣli n "tazdayzunt" (Aestheticism), i yeqqaren belli ilaq taẓuri ad tili kan i lǧal n teḥuski-ines (Taẓuri i Taẓuri), mačči i wakken ad tesselmed neɣ ad tessewjed.

Tudert-is tamezwarut d ulmud-is

Ilul-d Oscar Wilde di Dublin, di tmurt n Irlanda. Baba-s, Sir William Wilde, yella d amejjay n wallen d tmeẓẓuɣin yettwassnen, ma d yemma-s, Jane Wilde (yettwassnen s yisem n "Speranza"), tella d tamedyazt yerna teɣra aṭas, tettili d tanemahalt ɣef yizerfan n tmurt-is. Axxam-is yella d amukan n tmusni d yidles, anida i d-yekker Wilde ger yidlisen d umeslay aɣaran.

Iɣra deg yiwet seg tesdawiyin timeqqranin akk: Trinity College di Dublin, sakkin Magdalen College di Oxford, di tmurt n Legliz. Deg ulmud-is, yella d anelmad ifazen, yerna yewwi aṭas n warrazen ɣef tmedyazt-is d tira-s. Deg tallit-nni i yebda yessemɣaray tiktiwin-is ɣef wazal n teḥuski d taẓuri di tudert.

Amecwar-is adelsan d yisefra-s

Mi yekfa leqraya-s, Wilde iṛuḥ ad yezdeɣ di London, anda yuɣal s lemɣawla d argaz yettwassnen deg tmetti. Yella yettwassen s llebsa-s icebḥen, s umeslay-is ineɣɣayen, d tinefkatin-is (epigrams) yesseḍsayen yerna yettawin ad ixemmem umdan.

Tmezgunin

Wilde yettwassen ugar s tmezgunin-is. Yura aṭas n tkomidiyin i d-yeskanen s udem ufrir amek tga tmetti n tallit-nni, s yinzan d tḍuri. Gar-asent, ad naf:

Tawleft n Lady Windermere (Lady Windermere's Fan)
Tameṭṭut war Azal (A Woman of No Importance)
Argaz Amedya (An Ideal Husband)
Tamezgunut-is tameqqrant akk, Anamek n Yisem Earnest (The Importance of Being Earnest), i mazal tettwurar ar ass-a di ddunit meṛṛa.

Ungal-is: Tugna n Dorian Gray

Wilde yura yiwen kan n wungal, maca yuɣal d amedya adelsan: Tugna n Dorian Gray (The Picture of Dorian Gray) (1890). Ungal-a yehka-d ɣef yiwen n yilemẓi icebḥen aṭas, Dorian Gray, i yessuturen i tugna-s ad temɣer deg wemkan-is, i wakken netta ad yeqqim d ilemẓi i dayem. Ungal-a yesskan-d tiɣawsiwin am teḥuski, tadfi, d umenɣi ger lxiṛ d ccer deg wul n umdan.

Tamedyazt d tullisin

Yura daɣen aṭas n tmedyazt, am Taqṣit n lḥebs n Reading (The Ballad of Reading Gaol), d tullisin imecṭaḥ i yigerdan d yimɣaren, gar-asent Ageldun Aseɛdi d Tmacahutin-iḍen.

Tafelsafit-is d tiktiwin-is

Tidmi n Oscar Wilde tezga tebna ɣef sin n yimenzayen imeqqranen:

Tazdayzunt (Aestheticism): I Wilde, taẓuri ur tesɛi ara iswi n tseddast neɣ n uselmed. Azal-is yella deg teḥuski-ines kan. Yeqqar: "Taẓuri meṛṛa d ayen ur nesɛi sfayda". Ayen yebɣa ad d-yini, d akken ur ilaq ara ad nqelleb ɣef lfayda tamesɣant (pratique) deg yisefra n taẓuri.
Timanit (Individualism): Yella yettwali belli yal amdan ilaq ad yidir tudert-is akken yebɣa, war ma yeṭṭef-it-id lqanun n tmetti neɣ ansayen. Itteddu d umeslay ɣef tlelli n umdan akken ad yessali iman-is.

Izmaẓen, Lḥebs, d Uɣelluy-is

Tudert n Wilde tbeddel aṭas mi bdant tegnatin n diri. Yella yesɛa tamɣiwent d yiwen n yilemẓi, Lord Alfred Douglas. Baba-s n yilemẓi-a, Marquis n Queensberry, mi yeẓra, isseɣli-d aɣewwiɣ ameqqran, yerna yekkat deg Oscar Wilde, yenna-d fell-as d awal n diri zdat medden.

Wilde yerra-as-d s uzmaẓ (procès) ɣef lexdeɛ, maca yexṣer. Tagi tefra s wayen n diri. Adabu (le pouvoir) n tallit-nni yewwi-t-id, isɛedda-t di ccreɛ ɣef "t-tixxamin n yir tikli". Ḥekmen fell-as s snat n yiseggasen n lxedma n tmara di lḥebs n Reading. Lḥebs-a yerẓa-t, ama di lǧehd-is ama deg wallaɣ-is.

Ussan-is ineggura d tmettant-is

Mi d-yeffeɣ si lḥebs deg useggas n 1897, Oscar Wilde yella yenḥaf, yexṣer adrim-is d yisem-is. Iṛuḥ ɣer tmurt n Fṛansa, anda yidir kra n yiseggasen di lḥif d lmisirya. Yemmut di Paris deg useggas n 1900, yesɛa 46 n yiseggasen kan di leɛmer-is.