OpenAI
 Alugu n OpenAI | |
Talɣut ɣef termist  Tasɣimt n OpenAI deg San Francisco. | |
| Isem unṣib | OpenAI |
|---|---|
| Anaw n teṛmist | Taṛmist Tatiknulujit |
| Azemz n usbeddi | 2015 |
| Amesbedday | Sam Altman, Elon Musk, Greg Brockman, Ilya Sutskever, Wojciech Zaremba, John Schulman |
| Tasɣimt tagejdant | San Francisco |
| Tamurt | Iwunak Yedduklen |
| Taɣult n urmud | Tigzi taragmawant |
| Ifarisen | ChatGPT, DALL·E, Sora |
| Asmel unṣib | https://openai.com |
OpenAI d taṛmist n unadi d usnas deg tigzi taragmawant (AI) i d-yennulfan deg useggas 2015 deg Marikan, d tuddsa ur nettnadi ara ɣef tedrimt. Iswi agejdan i d-teskanay OpenAI d ad teḍmen belli tigzi taragmawant tamatut (AGI) ad d-tawi abaɣur i yimdanen merra. Ass-a, OpenAI tettwassen s waṭas s yifarisen d yinagrawen am ChatGPT, imudam GPT, Codex, akked wallalen i yesseqdacen imsihal seg API.
1. Talalit n OpenAI
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]OpenAI tettwasnulfa-d sɣur Sam Altman d Elon Musk d wiyaḍ deg 2015 am tuddsa ur nettnadi ara ɣef tedrimt (nonprofit). Seg tazwara, tuddsa-a tefka iman-is yiwen n yiswi ɣezzifen: asnerni n tigzi taragmawant s wudem ara d-yawin abaɣur i yimdanen merra, ladɣa ma tewweḍ tetiknulujit-a ɣer uswir n tigzi taragmawant tamatut.
Tamiḍrant-a tettak azal i wugur ameqqran: ma yella inagrawen n tigzi taragmawant uɣalen sɛan tazmert meqqren, ilaq tazmert-nsen ur tettwakerrez ara kan deg ufus n kra n yimdanen, n tiṛmisin neɣ n tmura, maca ad tettwaseqdac i lfayda tamatut.
Deg 2019, OpenAI tesnulfa-d aferdis n tedrimt iwakken ad tessiweḍ ad d-tawi idrimen, imdanen d tazmert n usiḍen i ilaqen i usnerni n yimudam imeqqranen. Aferdis-a yella ddaw n leḥkem n tuddsa ur nettnadi ara ɣef tedrimt.
2. D acu-tt tigzi taragmawant?
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tigzi taragmawant d taɣult n tussna d tetiknulujit i yesnernayen inagrawen n tmacint i izemren ad xedmen tiwuriwin i yeḥwaǧǧen s umata kra n tzemmar n tigzi: tegzi n tutlayt, tifrat n wuguren, asuddes n yisefka, tira n yiḍrisen, asnulfu n tugniwin, asihel, neɣ tuddma n kra n yimektayen seg yisefka.
Ur ilaq ara, ad nefhem awal tigzi dagi amzun tamacint tesɛa iman, iḥulfan neɣ tamuɣli n umaḍal am umdan. Imudam n tura d inagrawen n uiḍen i yettwaselmaden ɣef yisefka yerna xeddmen s yimenzayen n tussna n uselmed n tmacint.
OpenAI tettadi ladɣa deg yimudam imuqqranen(frontier), asuddes d tifrat n wuguren, inagrawen i izemren ad gzun ugar n yiwen n wanaw n yisefka (multimodal systems), akked wamek ara yettwaseqdec AI s tɣellist.
3. Tigzi taragmawant tamatut — AGI
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Iswi ɣezzifen n OpenAI yeqqen ɣer wayen i semman Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), i nezmer ad d-nini s teqbaylit tigzi taragmawant tamatut.
OpenAI tesbadut AGI am inagrawen s timmad-nsen i izemren ad ɣelben imdanen deg tuget n twuriwin yesɛan azal adamsan.
Tamiḍrant n tamatut d tagejdant. Anagraw n tigzi taragmawant yezmer ad yili igerraz deg yiwet n twuri kan; AGI, ma tewweḍ tetiknulujit ɣer din, ilaq ad tesɛu tazmert wessiɛen: ad tegzu uguren yemgaraden, ad tesdukkel tamusni seg waṭas n taɣulin, ad tesseqdec ayen telmed deg tegnatin timaynutin, yerna ad tefru uguren ur nettwaselmed ara fell-asen s talɣa tusridt.
OpenAI tettwali AGI am iswi n wakud ɣezzifen, maca akud ilaqen akken ad naweḍ ɣer AGI mazal ur yettwassen ara.
4. Imudam GPT
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Gar yisenfaren i d-yerran OpenAI tettwassen deg umaḍal llan imudam GPT — Generative Pre-trained Transformer.
Imudam-a d inagrawen n tigzi taragmawant i yettwaselmaden ɣef yisefka imeqqranen. S uselmed-a, zemren ad gzun asiḍen n tutlayt, ad d-snulfun iḍrisen, ad d-rren ɣef yisteqsiyen, ad frun uguren, ad ɛiwnen deg usihel, yerna imudam imaynuten zemren ad xedmen akked yiḍrisen, tugniwin d wanawen-nniḍen n yisefka. OpenAI teskanay tawacult GPT am inagrawen i izemren ad gzun asiḍen, ad d-snulfun agbur yerna ad xedmen tifrat n wuguren deg waṭas n yimeslayen n yisefka.
Anamek n azarsileɣ(pre-trained) d akken amudam yettwaselmad uqbel ad yettwaseqdec deg udiwenni. Turriwt(Generative), ma d nettat, temmal-d tazmert-is n usnulfu n ugemmuḍ am yiḍrisen neɣ tangalt n useɣẓan.
5. ChatGPT
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]ChatGPT d afaris agejdan n OpenAI i yiseqdacen. D agrudem n udiwenni i yettaǧǧan amdan ad yesseqdec imudam n tigzi taragmawant s tutlayt tagamant. OpenAI tessegza ChatGPT am ufaris-is agejdan i yiseqdacen.
Aseqdac yezmer ad yesteqsi, ad yessuter asegzi, ad yaru neɣ ad iseɣti aḍris, ad yesseqdec tasleḍt, ad yelmed tamiḍrant n tussna, ad yessuter tallelt deg usihel, neɣ ad ixdem ɣef yisefka d yisemliyen.
Azal n ChatGPT deg umezruy n tigzi taragmawant d ameqqran acku yessekcem imudam n tutlayt ɣer useqdec n yal ass. Deg umḍiq anda tigzi taragmawant tella tettwassen ladɣa deg tesdawiyin, tanaremt d tkebbaniyin n tetiknulujit, agrudem n udiwenni yerra-tt d allal i yezmer ad yesseqdec umdan s tutlayt-is.
6. Codex d usihel
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Taɣult-nniḍen i deg tesseqdac OpenAI tigzi taragmawant s waṭas d asihel.
Codex d anagraw n tigzi taragmawant i yellan i uxeddim ɣef tengalt d yisenfaren n useɣẓan. Yezmer ad yegzu tangalt yellan, ad yesseɣti tuccḍiwin, ad ibeddel taneɣruft n usenfar, ad yernu timahilin timaynutin, yerna ad ixdem tiwuriwin n usihel seg tazwara ar taggara.
Anect-a yeskanay abeddel meqqren deg useqdec n tigzi taragmawant: seg unagraw i d-yettarra kan ɣef yisteqsiyen ɣer umeggi n tigzi taragmawant (AI agent) i izemren ad yesseqdec allalen, ad ixdem ddeqs n yimahilen yerna ad ikemmel ɣer yiswi i as-yettunefken.
7. Anadi deg OpenAI
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]OpenAI mačči d taṛmist n yifarisen kan. Anadi yezga d yiwen seg yiḥricen-is igejdanen.
Taṛmist txeddem ɣef usnerni n yimudam n tigzi taragmawant, tifrat n wuguren, inagrawen wagutaskaran(multimodal), tɣellist, akked useqdec n yimudam s wudem ara yilin d abaɣur i yimdanen.
Yiwet seg tmuɣliwin timeqqranin d aseqdec n tigzi taragmawant deg unadi ussnan. Deg tiɣula am tusnakt, tussna, asihel d tesleḍt n yisefka, anagraw yezmer ad yuɣal d allal ara iɛiwnen imnadiyen deg usnulfu n turdiwin, tifrat n wuguren d useɣiwel n unadi.
8. Taɣellist d umṣada
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Mi ara tettnerni tazmert n tigzi taragmawant, yettnerni daɣen wazal n tɣellist.
Anagraw yesɛan tazmert meqqren yezmer ad d-yawi abaɣur, maca yezmer daɣen ad d-yawi uguren ma yella ixdem tuccḍiwin, ma yettwaseqdec i wayen n diri, neɣ ma yella tikli-s ur temṣada ara akked wayen i yebɣa umdan.
Ɣef waya, OpenAI tessemras tamiḍrant n "alignment", i d-yemmalen s umata amṣada n tikli n unagraw n tigzi taragmawant akked yiswan d tɣellist i d-yefka umdan.
OpenAI Charter yesseḥbibber ɣef sin yimenzayen meqqren: ad yettwabḍu ubaɣur n AGI s wudem wessiɛen, yerna ad yettwaseḥbiber ɣef tɣellist n wakud ɣezzifen.
9. Taneɣruft n OpenAI
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Taneɣruft n OpenAI tbeddel s wakud.
OpenAI tebda deg 2015 d tuddsa ur nettnadi ara ɣef tedrimt. Deg 2019, tesnulfa-d aferdis n tedrimt iwakken ad tesnerni anadi d usnas-is.
Deg 28 Tubber 2025, tettwasekna-d taneɣruft tamaynut:
tuddsa ur nettnadi ara ɣef tedrimt tuɣal tettusemma OpenAI Foundation;
aferdis n tedrimt yuɣal d OpenAI Group PBC, anamek-is d Public Benefit Corporation;
OpenAI Foundation teqqim tettḥekkim deg OpenAI Group.
OpenAI Foundation tesɛa 26% n iḥricen deg OpenAI Group. Microsoft, deg tallit n useggem n taneɣruft, tesɛa azal n 27%, ma d 47% i d-yeqqimen sɛan-t ixeddamen n tura d wid yezrin akked yimendaden-nniḍen.
Taneɣruft-a tebɣa ad tesdukkel iswi n OpenAI akked tezmert-is ad d-tawi idrimen imeqqranen i yeḥwaǧǧ unadi n tigzi taragmawant.
10. Tazmert n usiḍen
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Aselmed n yimudam imeqqranen n tigzi taragmawant yeḥwaǧǧ ddeqs n tezmert n usiḍen.
Anect-a yesɛa azal acku asnerni n yimudam ur yeqqin ara kan ɣer tarrayin n uselmed. Yeḥwaǧǧ daɣen iselkimen s tezmert tameqqrant n usiḍen, tiḥerci n yisefka, tazmert n trisiti, iẓeḍwan, isefka d tedrimt.
Ɣef waya, tigzi taragmawant n uswir unnig tuɣal d taɣult anda anadi ussnan, tiḥerci n usiḍen d tdamsa qqnen gar-asen.
11. OpenAI d Microsoft
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Microsoft tesɛa assaɣ adamsan d utiknulujan ameqqran akked OpenAI. Deg taneɣruft i yettwasbedden deg 2025, Microsoft tesɛa azal n 27% n OpenAI Group.
Assaɣ-a yesɛa azal ladɣa deg tezmert n usiḍen d usnerni n yifarisen n tigzi taragmawant. Maca, deg taneɣruft n leḥkem n OpenAI, OpenAI Foundation i yeqqimen tettḥekkim deg OpenAI Group, mačči Microsoft.
12. OpenAI deg 2026
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Deg 2026, OpenAI ur teqqim ara d tanaremt n unadi kan. Tuɣal d taṛmist tameqqrant i yesɛan inagrawen i yiseqdacen, allalen i yimsihel, API i tkebbaniyin, imudam n tigzi taragmawant n uswir unnig, akked yimeggiyen i izemren ad xedmen tiwuriwin ɣezzifen.
ChatGPT d Codex mmalen-d sin n wudmawen n ubeddel-a: ChatGPT d agrudem wessiɛen n tigzi taragmawant i yiseqdacen, ma d Codex yettwabna ugar i uxeddim s tengalt d yisenfaren n useɣẓan.
Anadi n OpenAI yettkemmil daɣen deg tifrat n wuguren, imudam ugetaskaran, tɣellist d usnerni n ubrid ɣer AGI.
13. Abaɣur i tmetti
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Tigzi taragmawant tezmer ad tbeddel aṭas n tiɣula: aselmed, tussna, tadamsa, asihel, aẓeṭṭa, axeddim, tasensegmit, asnulfu d unadi ussnan.
Ma yella inagrawen n tigzi taragmawant zemren ad xedmen ugar n twuriwin i ixeddem umdan ass-a, ad d-ffɣen yisteqsiyen imaynuten:
Amek ara tbeddel tarrayt n uxeddim? Anwi ixeddamen ara d-ilalen? Anwi ara ibeddlen neɣ ara iruḥen? Amek ara ttwasqedcen yimudam-a deg uselmed? Anwa ara yesɛun leḥkem ɣef yiḥricen igejdanen n tetiknulujit-a? Amek ara neḍmen belli abaɣur-is ad ibḍu gar yimdanen?
D isteqsiyen-a i yerran asnerni n tigzi taragmawant mačči d tamsalt n tetiknulujit kan, maca d tamsalt tadamsant, tinmettit, tasertant d tasertit n tussna.
14. Uguren d umeslay ɣef OpenAI
[ẓreg | ẓreg aɣbalu]Am yal taṛmist tameqqrant n tetiknulujit, OpenAI tettmagar isteqsiyen d umeslay ɣef tarrayt-is.
Gar temsal tigejdanin llan: aḥraz n yisefka, tanezzut n yimudam, asemres n wayen d-yettwafkan sɣur yimdanen i uselmed n yimudam, tɣellist, leḥkem ɣef tetiknulujit, tasertit n yifarisen, tasertit n uxeddim, akked wamek ara tettbeddil tigzi taragmawant tuddsa n tmetti.
Ɣef waya, OpenAI ur ilaq ara ad tettwafhem kan seg yifarisen-is. Iwakken ad nefhem azal-is, ilaq ad nwali daɣen tamsalt tameqqrant i d-tessufuɣ tetiknulujit i tesnernay: anwa ara yessnernin tigzi taragmawant n uzekka, anwa ara tt-yesqedcen, anwa ara yettḥekkimen deg-s, yerna anwa ara yawin abaɣur seg-s?