Lukrisyus Karus

Titus Lukrisyus Karus, yettwassnen s yisem n Lukrisyus, d yiwen seg yifelsafen d yimedyazen irumaniyen meqqren akk n lqern amezwaru send n Talalit. Yettwassen s yiwen n udlis-is kan, "De rerum natura" (Ɣef Ugama n Tiɣawsiwin), i yessefra s talɣa tazurant i wakken ad issefhem tafalsafit n Epikur. Iswi ameqqran n Lukrisyus d anida-nni ad isellek amdan seg tuggdiwin timeqqranin (tuggdi n lmut d tuggdi n yiṛebbiten) s useqdec n wallaɣ ameɣẓan d tegzi n ugama.

Tudert-is: Yiwen n Wadrugan

Llant drus n tilɣa iɣef yerzan tudert n Lukrisyus. Tudert-is d yiwen n wadrug ameqqran i imusnawen n umezruy. Nessen-t kan s udlis-is ameqqran. Isem-is s latinit, Titus Lucretius Carus, yezga-d deg yidlisen n Cicero d Saint Jérôme.

Kra n teɣbula timasiḥiyin, am tid n Ugerram Jirum (i d-yuran acḥal n lqernat sdeffir-s), qqarent-d belli Lukrisyus yuɣal d amahbul yerna yenɣa iman-is. Maca, imir-a, amur ameqqran n yimnadiyen ɣilen belli annect-a d tazniwt kan i xedmen wid yebɣan ad ssersen azal n teflesafit-is, imi tidmi-s teqqar-d belli iṛebbiten ur d-ggrin ara iman-nsen deg umeɣraḍ.

Adlis-is Ameqqran: De rerum natura

De rerum natura (Ɣef Ugama n Tiɣawsiwin) d isefra s talɣa tafelsafit tuzribt, i yebḍa ɣef setta n yidlisen. Lukrisyus yerra-tt i umeddakel-is Gaius Memmius. Deg udlis-a, yessefham s wudem ussnan n wakud-nni amek i teddes ddunit.

Idlisen I d II: Ssefhamen imenzayen iṛumaniyen n teflesafit tabelkimt (atomisme). Sseknen-d belli ameɣraḍ yemmug s sin n yeḥricen kan: ibelkimen d tallunt. Ibelkimen-a d tiɣawsiwin timeẓyanin, ur nettwebḍa ara, i yettmenṭaren daymen deg tallunt.
Idlisen III d IV: Kkaten-d ɣef ugama n uziɣer d yiman. Lucretius yeqqar-d belli ula d nutni d angaw, mmugen d ibelkimen imeẓyanen. Imi aziɣer d angaw yerna yeddukkel d tfekka, ad yemmet yid-s. S wakka, yessefk ad nekkes tuggdi n lmut, imi "mi nella, lmut ulac-itt; mi tella lmut, nekni ulac-aɣ."
Idlisen V d VI: Ssefhamen-d amek i d-lulen umeɣraḍ, ddunit, tudert, d yemdanen, war ma yella-d ukbac n yiṛebbiten. Ssefhamen daɣen tumant tagamant am lebṛaq, rreɛd, d waṭṭanen, s tmentilin timeɣẓanin.

Tiẓriwin n Teflesafit-is

Tafalsafit n Lucretius d tafalsafit tabikurit i ɣef tebna. Assaɣen-is d irumaniyen:

Tabelkimt d Tanga : Am Epikur, Lucretius yumen belli kullec d tanga. Ulac ayen i d-yennulfan seg ulac s tezmert n yiṛebbiten. Amezruy n umeɣraḍ d amezruy n temlilit tagacurant n yibelkimen i yettmenṭaren seg zik.
Azɣan n Tuggdi:
- Tuggdi n Lmut: Imi iman d ayen yettmettaten am tfekka, ur yessefk ara ad naggad ayen yellan sdeffir lmut, imi ulac kra.
- Tuggdi n Yiṛebbiten: Lukrisyus ur yenkir ara belli llan yiṛebbiten. Yeqqar-d llan, maca ddren deg tallunt nnsen, deg talwit tameqqrant (ataraxie), ur d-ggan ara iman-nsen deg tilufa n yemdanen. D ayen yellan d azulal ad naggad tizemmar-nsen. Yeqqar-d belli d asɣan i d-yeglan s waṭas n tekriḍt d cceṛ deg umezruy n yemdanen.
Iswi n Tudert d Tadfi : Am lejdud-is ibikuriyen, Lucretius yeqqar-d belli iswi n tudert d tadfi. Maca tadfi-a mačči d zzhu n tfekka kan, d tadfi n uziɣer: d talwit n daxel, d tuffɣa n leḥzen d tuggdi, d wayen i wumi ssawalen "ataraxie". Abrid ɣer waya d tussna d tegzi n ugama.

Tazrirt-is d Tuggint

Deg wussan n Ṛuma Tamezrayt, adlis n De rerum natura yesɛa kra n tazrirt , maca imi tidmi-s tella d taẓarant yerna tella mgal asɣan, ur tedda ara aṭas.

Mi d-tewweḍ Tallit Talemmast, adlis-a yeffer, yuɣal d adrug. Armi d lqern wis 15, mi d-ufan yiwet n linsxa-s, i d-yuɣal ɣer tafat.

Seg yimir-nni, tazrirt n Lucretius tuɣal d tameqqrant. Yesselmed aṭas n yimussnawen n Tallit n Taleslalit d yifelsafen n Tallit n Tafat . Tidmi n ubelkim d tmuɣli-s tangawit n tudert, uɣalent d azadur i tussna tatrart. Yesɛa tazrirt meqqren ɣef yimdanen am Giordano Bruno, Galileo, d wid i d-yewwin talsawt.