Franz Kafka

Tugna n Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (3 Yulyu 1883 - 3 Yunyu 1924) yella d amaru ačiki uday s tutlayt talmanit yerna d aneggal ay d-ilulen deg Prag, deg Umenkud Austṛu-Hungaryan. S umata, yella yettwali iman-is d udem ameqqran n tsekla n lqern wis 20, axeddim-is yesdukul iferdisen n tilawt d tfenṭazit.

Tudert n Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka d yiwen seg yimyura imeqranen n lqern wis 20. Ilul deg useggas n 1883 di temdint n Prag, tamanaɣt n Čikya tura, i yella imiren d aḥric seg umenkad n Ustriya-Hungarya. Yekker-d deg yiwet n twacult tudayt tettmeslay talmanit.

Tudert-is teččur d leḥzen d tussaft. Ɣas akken yelha d tira, baba-s yella yettḥettim fell-as ad iɣer leqwanin. Ayagi yeǧǧa-t ad yexdem aṭas n yiseggasen d aneɣlaf deg yiwet n tkebbanit n t sigorta, yiwet n tanfa i t-yeččuren d uɣemlil d waɣedlilef. Aramsu-s ameqran d tira, yella yettaru deg yiḍ neɣ deg uzal meqqren.

Tezmert-is ur telli d tin yelhan, yuḍen s waṭṭan n buturin deg yiseggasen-is ineggura. Yemmut deg 1924, yesɛa kan 40 iseggasen di leɛmer-is. Uqbel ad yemmet, yefka annaḍ i umeddakel-is Max Brod ad isseṛɣ akk ikaramen d yisemliyen i yura. Maca, Max Brod yugi taɣtast agi, dɣa yessuffeɣ-d amur ameqran n yiḍrisen-is.

Tafelsafit deg Yiḍrisen n Kafka (Tikafkawit)

Iḍrisen n Kafka ɛzizen s talɣa d tidmi tussnant i yesɛan. Ssawḍen ad d-snulfun yiwen wawal amaynut: "tikafkawit", i d-immalen tiwwura anda amdan yettwaḥṛes deg yinagrawen ur nesɛi tameẓla , yeččur-iten uzulal.

Aṭas n tmiḍranin i d-yettuɣalen deg tira-s:

Ungalen n Kafka sseknen-d amdan weḥd-s, yettnaɣ d yinagrawen ur yezmir ad ten-yefhem. Yettidir deg yir tirmit anda taywalt ur telli ara, yettḥulfu i tussaft d takufḍa gar medden.

Azulal d takufḍa d snat seg tmiḍranin timeqranin i d-yettbinen deg yidrisen n Kafka. Ittmeslay-d ɣef wemdan i yettidiren deg yiwen n umeɣraḍ ur nesɛi tameẓla neɣ anamek.

• Azulal n Tudert: Iwudam n Kafka, am Gregor Samsa deg Tuttya neɣ Josef K. deg Azmaẓ, ttafen iman-nsen deg tiwwura tizulalin ur zmiren ad tent-fehmen. Gregor yuki-d yuɣal d abeɛuc war ma yella wudem neɣ sebba tameẓlayt. Josef K. yettwaṭṭef war ma yeẓra waɣan-is. Azulal agi yessekn-d tudert tamirant anda amdan yettwali asurif-is d win ur nesɛi azal, yettwaḥṛes s lbaṭṭel n yinagrawen i t-yezzin. Tudert tuɣal d yiwet n tuɣḍaḍt ur nesɛi tisiqqest, anda tuzzma d taɣtest n wemdan ur sɛin ara tazrirt.
• Takufḍa d Tussaft: Seg uzulal agi i d-tekka tussaft. Iwudam n Kafka weḥḥden, ɣas llan gar medden. Taywalt gar-asen d twacult-nsen neɣ d tɣerma tuɣal d tastant. Amedya, Gregor Samsa, ɣas akken yeqqim deg uxxam n twacult-is, yuɣal d aɣrib gar-asen, ur yezmir ad yemmeslay, ur yettwafhem ara. Takufḍa-s d tagensant, texleq-itt tnefsit-is d wuzzem n tɣerma i t-id-ikecmen. D anagi ɣef wemdan atrar iḥulfun i tussaft ɣas yezga yezzi-d fell-as waṭas n medden.

Adabu deg wungalen-is d adrug , ur yesɛi udem, maca tazrirt-is d tanezmart-is melba tilisa. Amdan amectuḥ yettwali iman-is d amelsi maca ur yezmir ad isken tilisa-s zdat n wannaḍ d tɣdemt ur nesɛi ameɣẓan.

Kafka yessexdem adabu d tburucraṭit am wudem n tnezmart tadrugant i yesḥṛasen amdan.

• Adabu ur nesɛi Udem: Deg Azmaẓ neɣ Aɣrem, adabu d anagraw adrugan, ur yesɛi udem. Josef K. ur yeẓri ara anwa i t-yeḥkmen, anwa i d-yefkan annaḍ n uzmaẓ-is. D yiɣerban n yikaramen, yisaliyen d yisemliyen ur yezmir yiwen ad ten-yeɣrem. Adabu-nni d aɣezfan, imeslemmes, yesɛa tazrirt ɣef yal aḥric n tudert n wemdan, maca yeqqim d adrug, ur yezmir yiwen ad t-iwali neɣ ad t-yerr d lḥeqq. Tazɣent agi teskan-d tanezmert n yinagrawen imeqranen (lḥukuma, tkebbaniyin) i yesseɣlayen amdan amectuḥ, i t-yerran d amelsi ur nesɛi afus.
• Taburucraṭit d Tuɣḍaḍt: Taburucraṭit deg wungalen n Kafka mačči d afecku i usefreḥ n tɣawsiwin, maca d asurif aɣezfan i yessawaḍen amdan ɣer waɣedlilef. Iwakken ad yaweḍ ɣer udabu neɣ ad yefhem tuttra-s, ilaq ad iɛeddi ɣef yiɣerban n yisaliyen d yiwudam ur nesɛi tameẓla. K. deg Aɣrem iɛerreḍ ad yaweḍ ɣer yimasayen n uɣrem, maca yettmagar-d kan yiɣerban d yizenzaren n tburucraṭit i t-yerran ad idur deg yiwet n tuɣḍaḍt ur nesɛi tisiqqest.

• Aɣedlilef d Lbaṭel: Iwudam n Kafka ččuren d uɣedlilef d leḥzen. Ttwassnen s yiwet n tidmi tawahanant ɣef tudert, anda amdan yettnadi ɣef lḥeqq-is neɣ ɣef wayen yeḍran yid-s, maca ur yessawaḍ ara.

Aɣedlilef d ul n tira n Kafka, yettnulfu-d si tmuɣli ɣef lbaṭṭel d uzulal n tudert.

Lbaṭṭel deg wungalen n Kafka mačči d win i d-yettasen seg yir lexdayem n medden, maca d lbaṭṭel n unagraw s timmad-is. Josef K. yettwaḥkem fell-as, maca ur yelli wudem i t-iḍelmen. Taɣdemt s yiman-is i d lbaṭṭel. Yessekn-d asurif anda tameẓla d uzzref ruḥen, qqimen-d kan leqwanin izulalen i yettwasqedcen war ameɣẓan. Ayagi d tuzzma i yinagrawen n tɣdemt n lweqt-nni, maca tezmer ad tili ɣef yal anagraw anda leqwanin sḥṛasen talsa.

• Aɣedlilef n Wuzzem: Iwudam n Kafka ttḥulfun i wuzzem d waɣedlilef imezgi. Uzzem-nsen yekka-d seg tnefsit-nsen, seg tuzzma-nsen i yiman-nsen. Ɣas akken Josef K. d amelsi ɣef waɣan ur yeẓri ara, yebda yettḥulfu i wuzzem amzun d tidet i yexdem kra. Kafka yesskan-d amek i yezmer unagraw aɣezfan ad issekcem aɣemlil d uzzem ɣer daxel n wemdan, almi yettuɣal yettamen s lbaṭṭel i yeḍran yid-s. D tasestant tasnafsant ɣef wamek i yettwali wemdan iman-is zdat n tnezmart i t-yugaren.

Ungalen-is Imuqranen

1. Tuttya: D yiwen seg yiḍrisen-is yettwassnen aṭas. Ungal-a yettales-d taqsiḍt n Gregor Samsa, yiwen unexdam i yukin yiwen ṣṣbeḥ yeqqel d abeɛuc meqqren. Tuttya agi tesseɛzel-it ɣef twacult-is d cɣel-is, dɣa ad yidir takufḍa d tussaft almi d lmut-is.
2. Azmaẓ: Deg wungal-a, Josef K. yeṭṭef-it udabu yiwen ṣṣbeḥ war ma yeẓra ayɣer neɣ acu-t waɣan-is. Ad iɛeddi iseggasen yettnadi ad yefhem tuttra n teɣdemt agi tazulalt, yettwaḥṛes deg yinagrawen ur nesɛi anamek. D anagi ɣef tazɣent tasnafsant i d-yettawi lbaḍel.
3. Aɣrem: Yettales-d ɣef yiwen uwadem (K.) i d-yusan ad yexdem deg yiwen n taddart ddaw n leḥkem n yiwen uɣrem adrugan. K. ad iɛreḍ s wussis ameqran ad yaweḍ ɣer udabu n uɣrem-nni, maca ad yaf iman-is deg yiwet n tuɣḍaḍt ur tettfaka ara, zdat n yiɣerban n tineɣmasin ur yezmir ad ten-yegzu.

S tmuɣli-s yettgin tuzzma i tɣerma tamirant , Franz Kafka yuɣal d anagi imezgi ɣef waɣedlilef n umdan atrar zdat yinagrawen im复杂en d uzulal n tudert. Tazrirt-is mazal-itt meqqret armi d ass-a.