Elagabalus

Elagabalus
Elagabalus
	Amenkad Elagabalus
Amenkad arumani
grand prêtre d'Élagabal (fr)
Asenatuṛ arumani aqbur
Tameddurt
Talalit	Roma, Émèse (fr) d Velletri (fr) , 20 Meɣres 203
Taɣlent	Ruma n zik
Lmut	Roma, 11 Meɣres 222
Ideg n uẓekka	Tibre (fr)
Tamentilt n tmettant	Timenɣiwt
Tawacult
Baba-s	Sextus Varius Marcellus, Karakalla
Yemma-s	Julia Soaemias
Tissulya akked	Julia Paula (fr) (219 - 220); Julia Aquilia Severa (fr) (220 - 221); Annia Faustina (fr) (221 - 222); Julia Aquilia Severa (fr) (222 - 222)
Abusin	Hiéroclès (fr) ; Zoticus (fr)
Arraw-is	view Aliksandr Severus;
Atmaten-is d yissetma-s	valeur inconnue, Aurelia Antonina (en) d Aliksandr Severus
Tawacult	view Aliksandr Severus (fils adoptif (fr) , cousin germain (fr) );
Tawsit	Sévères (fr)
Asegmi
Tutlayin	Talatint
Amahil
Amahil	asertay

Elagabalus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus), i yettwassnen daɣen s yisem Heliogabalus, yella d

amenkad n Tmenkda Tarumanit seg useggas 218 ar 222 S.Ɛ. Yewweḍ ɣer uselway n tmenkda mi yella kan deg leɛmer n 14 neɣ 15 n yiseggasen, yerna yemmut mi yella 18 n yiseggasen. Tallit-is, ɣas ma tewezzil aṭas, teqqim d yiwet seg talliyin i d-yettwabedren s waṭas deg umezruy arumani, ladɣa imi Elagabalus yebɣa ad ibeddel kra n leɛwayed d wansayenn Ruma, s wayen i d-yegla waya n uqabal meqqren deg temɣiwent tarumanit.

1. Talalit-is d twacult-is

Elagabalus ilul deg useggas 203 S.Ɛ. deg Emesa, tamdint n Surya n wass-a, i yettwassnen tura s yisem Homs. Isem-is amezwaru yella Varius Avitus Bassianus.

Yekka-d seg twacult taɣelnawt yesɛan azal meqqren deg Emesa. Yemma-s, Julia Soaemias, d yell-is n Julia Maesa. Julia Maesa nettat d weltma-s n Julia Domna, tameṭṭut n umenkad Septimyus Severus. Ihi Elagabalus yella d yiwen seg yimdanen n twacult n Severus, tawacult i yeṭṭfen tamenḍawt n Ruma deg uḥric meqqren n tasut tis kraḍet n tallit-nneɣ.

Baba-s, Sextus Varius Marcellus, yella d argaz yesɛan azal deg tedbelt tarumanit. Maca d tama n yemma-s, ladɣa Julia Maesa, i yesɛan tazrirt tameqqrant ɣef ubrid i t-yessawḍen ɣer uselway n tmenkda.

2. Elagabalus d anedbal n Rebbi n Emesa

Uqbel ad yuɣal d amenkad, Avitus Bassianus yella d anedbal ameqqran n usɣan n Elagabal deg Emesa.

Elagabal yella d illu asuryani i yettwabder s talɣa n yiṭij. Deg umezruy, isem "Elagabalus" i yettunefken i umenkad yekka-d seg yisem n unebdad-a; mačči d isem i yesseqdac netta i yiman-is am umenkad.

Deg Emesa, illu-a yella yesɛa adeg agejdan deg tudert tadeyyanit. Agellid-nni ameẓẓyan, uqbel ad yuɣal d amenkad, yella yettwasen s leqdic-is d anedbal.

Ayagi yesɛa azal meqqren deg umezruy-is, acku mi yewweḍ ɣer Ruma ur yeǧǧi ara tadeyyanit n Emesa deffir-s: yewwi-tt yid-s ɣer wul n tmenkda.

3. Amek i yewweḍ ɣer uqeṛṛu n tmnekda?

Mi yemmut Karakalla deg 217, Makrinus yuɣal d amenkad. Maca Makrinus ur yesɛi ara akk tazmert n twacult n Severus, yerna kra seg yigen n tɛessast tarumanit ur qeblen ara tazerfa-ines.

Julia Maesa, jeddat n Elagabalus, tebda ad txeddem akken ad terr tawacult-is ɣer uqeṛṛu n tmenkda. Tettwaseqdac daɣen tadyant i yeqqaren belli Elagabalus yezmer ad yili d mmi-s n Karakalla. Ur d-yelli ara ubeggen i d-yeskanayen belli aya d tidet, maca ayen-a yella d allal asertan i yesɛan azal meqqren, acku Karakalla yella mazal yesɛa imdanen i t-iḥemmlen gar yigen n tɛessast.

Deg 218, kra seg yigen n Legio III Gallica qqeblen Elagabalus d amenkad. Imir-nni yella kan deg leɛmer n 14 neɣ 15 n yiseggasen.

Yella-d umenɣi aserdas gar wid i yettabaɛen Makrinus d wid n Elagabalus. Deg imenɣi n Antioch, iɛeggalen n Elagabalus rebḥen. Makrinus yerwel, syin yettwaṭṭef yerna yettwanɣa.

S waya, aqcic ameẓẓyan n Emesa yuɣal d amenkad n yiwet seg tmenkadin timeqqranin i yellan deg umaḍal aqbur.

4. Anekcum-is ɣer Ruma

Elagabalus ur yewwiḍ ara srid ɣer Ruma. Yesseɛda kra n wakud deg tama n usamar n Tmenkda Tarumanit uqbel ad yawi abrid ɣer tɣerma.

Mi yewweḍ ɣer Ruma deg 219, yufa-d tamdint yesɛan leɛwayed-is, tadeyyanit-is d tarrayt-is n tsertit.

Ruma tettuneḥsab d tawennaḍt anda illu Jupiter Optimus Maximus yesɛa adeg ameqqran deg tsertit d tadeyyanit n tmenkda. Elagabalus, s wudem nniḍen, yella yewwi-d yid-s illu-s Elagabal seg Emesa.

Dayen ara yuɣalen d yiwen seg yisental igejdanen n tallit-is.

5. Abeddel n usɣan(tadeyanit) i yebɣa ad yeg

Elagabalus yebɣa ad yerr illu Elagabal ɣer umkan unnig deg tadeyyanit n tmenkda.

Yebna deg Ruma Elagabalium, afakan ameqqran i yellan d adeg agejdan n uɛbed n illu Elagabal. Daɣen, aẓru iqeddsen i yettwaseqdacen deg uɛbed n Elagabal yettwawi-d seg Emesa ɣer Ruma.

Ayagi ur yelli ara kan d abeddel asɣanan(adeyani). Deg Tmenkda Tarumanit, tadeyyanit d tsertit mlalent aṭas. Aɛbed n yilluten irumanen, leɛwayed n tɣerma d wazal n umenkad llan akk d yiḥricen n unagraw asertan.

Mi yebɣa Elagabalus ad isbeddel amkan n yilluten n Ruma s illu Elagabal i d-yewwi seg Emesa, aṭas n yimdanen deg tɣerma n Ruma walan aya d aseḥqer n leɛwayed-nsen.

Maca ilaq ad nḥader seg usegzi afessas: Tmenkda Tarumanit tettwassen s waṭas n tedyanin d yilluten yemgaraden, yerna aɛbed n yilluten n usamar yella yakan deg Ruma. Ugur ur yelli ara kan imi Elagabal yella d illu «aberṛani», maca imi amenkad yebɣa ad t-yerr ɣer umkan unnig deg unagraw adeyani-asertan arumani.

6. Tisertit-is d Ugraw n Sina

Assaɣ n Elagabalus akked Ugraw n Sina arumani ur yelli ara yelha.

Amenkad yella d ameẓẓyan, yerna aṭas n tsertit n tmenkda tettwasefrek s tazrirt n yimawlan-is, ladɣa Julia Maesa d Julia Soaemias. Iɣallen n twacult n tmeṭṭut sɛan tazrirt meqqren deg tallit-a.

Deg tmuɣli tarumanit taqburt, tazrirt tameqqrant n tlawin deg tsertit tettwaẓra sɣur kra n yimyura s wudem ur nelhi. Maca seg tmuɣli n umezruy atrar, ilaq ad nefrez gar wayen i d-yellan s tidet d wayen i d-yettwarun s tmuɣli n yimyura i yellan d ixṣimen n twacult-a.

Elagabalus yella daɣen yettbeddil imḍebbaren d yimawlan n tsertit, yerna yesseqdac imdanen i iqerben ɣur-s. Ayagi yessnerna ccwal gar-s d udmawen iqburen n teɣdemt tarumanit.

7. Tisulya-s

Elagabalus yuɣ aṭas n tlawin ɣas ma tallit n tmenkda-s tewezzil kan s kraḍ neɣ kuẓ n yiseggasen.

Gar-asent tella Julia Cornelia Paula, syin Aquilia Severa, i yellan d tanedbalt n ufakan n Vesta.

Zwaj-is akked Aquilia Severa yegla-d s ccwal meqqren. Tinedbalin n Vesta ilaq, s leɛwayed n Ruma, ad qqiment war assaɣ n tuzzuft deg tallit n leqdic-nsent. Aseɣwen n umenkad akked yiwet seg-sent yettwaẓra d aserwet meqqren deg leɛwayed d yizrfan ideyaniyin n Ruma.

Elagabalus yebḍa yid-s, syin yuɣ tameṭṭut nniḍen, Annia Faustina, maca deffir waya yerra-d Aquilia Severa ɣur-s.

Zwaj-a yewwi-d i tmuɣli n yimdanen belli amenkad-a ur yettqadar ara leɛwayed n Ruma.

8. Elagabalus, tuzzuft d timanit-is

Yiwen seg yisental i ɣef d-ttwarun aṭas ɣef Elagabalus d tudert-is tusligt d wudem i s yettbin deg tmetti.

Imyura iqburen am Cassius Dio d Historia Augusta ḥkan-d aṭas n tmucuha ɣef yiman-is, issaɣen-is d tarrayt-is n tudert. Kra seg wayen i d-ḥkan yeffeɣ i wayen i yellan d aleqqaq deg tmetti tarumanit.

Maca ilaq ad neḥrez yiwet n tɣawsa tagejdant: ur nezmir ara ad neḥseb akk ayen i d-ḥkan yimyura-a d tidet tameɣtut.

Imyura irumanen zemren ad xedmen aseḥqer asertan n umenkad i kerhen s useqdec n tmucuha ɣef tuzzuft, leɛwayed d tudert tusligt. Historia Augusta, ladɣa, d aɣbalu i ilaq ad yettwaseqdac s leḥder imi yesɛa aṭas n tmucuha d tedyanin ur nettwabeggen ara.

Imedyaten n yiḍrisen iqburen i d-yeqqaren belli Elagabalus yebɣa ad yettwali iman-is am tameṭṭut neɣ yesseqdac tarrayin nniḍen n timanit-is llan, maca ur ilaq ara ad nessekcem srid tiɣawsiwin-a deg tmiḍranin titrarin am "transgender" war asnerni n usatal. Tamiḍrant n timanit n tuzzuft n wass-a mačči d yiwet akked tmiḍranin n tmetti tarumanit n tasut tis kraḍet.

Ihi, ayen i nezmer ad nini s laman d belli imyura iqburen ḥkan-d Elagabalus am win i yessersen leɛwayed n tuzzuft d tmetti tarumanit deg ccwal, maca telqayt n tudert-is tusligt teqqim d tin i ɣef ur nezmir ara ad nefk tiririt iseḥḥan s wudem amagdez.

9. Julia Maesa d Alexander Severus

S wakud, Julia Maesa tebda tettwali belli tasertit n Elagabalus tezmer ad teglu s uɣelluy n twacult n Severus.

Tella daɣen twacult n Alexander Severus, aqcic nniḍen n twacult. Julia Maesa tessuter seg Elagabalus ad yerr Alexander d mmi-s s uzref(s usmmemi), akken ad yuɣal d amḍebber i t-ittabaɛen.

Deg 221, Alexander yuɣal d Caesar, anamek-is belli yettwasebgen am win ara yezwir deg uselway deffir n Elagabalus.

Maca Alexander yebda yettaf azal gar yigen n teɛessast, ladɣa Tirniyin n Praetoria, i yellan d iɛeggalen i iḥerzen amenkad.

Aya yegla-d s umihi meqqren i Elagabalus.

10. Aɣelluy d tmettant

Deg 11 Meɣres 222, Elagabalus d yemma-s Julia Soaemias ruḥen ɣer uḥric n yigen n Praetoria.

Tirniyin ur qeblent ara Elagabalus. Imenɣi adaxlan yeḍra, syin iɛeggalen n tɛessast nɣan amenkad akked yemma-s.

Elagabalus yella kan deg 18 n yiseggasen.

Iɣbula iqburen qqaren belli tafekka-s tettwazuɣer deg yiberdan, syin tettwaḍegger ɣer Tiber, asif n Ruma.

Deffir tmettant-is, Alexander Severus yuɣal d amenkad.

Tallit n Elagabalus tfukk s wudem azuran: amenkad i yellan yewweḍ ɣer uqeṛṛu n tmendka tarumanit mi yella mazal-it d aqcic, yettwanɣa uqbel ad yawiḍ ula d leɛmer n 20 n yiseggasen.

11. D acu i yeḍran i tadeyyanit-is deffir tmettant-is?

Mi yemmut Elagabalus, tarrayt tadyanit i yebɣa ad yerr deg Ruma teɣli s lemɣawla.

Illu Elagabal ur yeqqim ara deg umkan unnig i as-yefka umenkad. Aẓru-is iqeddsen yettwales ɣer Emesa, yerna leɛwayed n Ruma uɣalent ɣer umkan-nsent.

Ayagi yeskanay-d yiwen n wugur agejdan n tsertit-is: Elagabalus yebɣa ad ibeddel anagraw asɣanan(adyani) n tmenkda s lemɣawla, war asefhem d uqbal meqqren n tneqqiḍin i yettḥerriken Ruma.

12. Tugna-s deg yiɣbula iqburen

Ugur ameqqran deg unadi ɣef Elagabalus dakken tuget n wayen i nessen fell-as yekka-d seg yimyura i ur t-iḥemmlen ara.

Cassius Dio yella d amyaru d aɛeggal n Sina. Yura ɣef Elagabalus s tmuɣli n yiwen seg yimdanen n tmetti tarumanit i yellan tḍurr-it tsertit-is.

Herodian yefka-d daɣen tudert n tallit-a, maca netta daɣen ilaq ad yettwaseqdac s leḥder.

Historia Augusta d aɣbalu nniḍen i d-yettawi aṭas n tmucuha ɣef Elagabalus, maca imusnawen n wass-a ḥesben aṭas seg wayen i d-yettwarun deg-s d ayen ur nettwabeggen ara neɣ d timucuha.

Ihi, mi ara d-nini belli Elagabalus yella d amenkad "n ccwal", ilaq ad nesteqsi: ccwal s tmuɣli n anwa?

I tneqqiḍin n Senado, aɛbed n illu asuryani, tazrirt n tlawin n twacult-is, zwaj-is d leɛwayed-is zemren akk ad ttwaḥesben d aseḥqer n wayen i ttwalin d "arumani".

13. Tamuɣli n umezruy atrar

Deg unadi atrar, imusnawen ɛerḍen ad frun gar kraḍ n tɣawsiwin:

Tidyanin i nezmer ad nbeggen,

ayen i d-ḥkan yiɣbula iqburen,

akked wayen i d-yettwasnulfun i useḥqer asertan.

Ur yelli ara ccek belli Elagabalus yebɣa ad yerr illu-s Elagabal deg umkan unnig, belli yuɣ Aquilia Severa, belli yella deg ccwal akked tneqqiḍin n Ruma, akked daɣen Taɛssast n Praetoria nɣant-t.

Maca aṭas n tmucuha ɣef tudert-is tusligt, Tdurt-is n tuzzuft, lḥif i ixeddem neɣ leɛwayed-is ilaq ad ttwalsent s leḥder.

Aya ur yesɛi ara anamek belli Elagabalus yella d amenkad yelhan i yettwaseḥqren kan. Tisertit-is tesɛa s tidet aṭas n wuguren. Maca anadi n umezruy ilaq ad ifrez gar asefrek ur yelḥin ara d tugna taberkant i d-yettwasnulfun deffir n tmettant n umenkad.

14. Azal n Elagabalus deg umezruy n Tmenkda Tarumanit

Ɣas ma yella d amenkad kan azal n kuẓ n yiseggasen, Elagabalus yesɛa amkan uzzig deg umezruy arumani.

Tallit-is teskanay-d amek:

iserdasen n tɛessast tezmer ad terr neɣ ad teḍger amenkad;

tadyanit(asɣan) tettili d allal agejdan n tsertit;

Senado mazal yesɛa azal ameqqran deg tugna tasertant n umenkad;

twacult n Severus tesseqdac assaɣen n twacult akken ad teṭṭef tamenkda;

Tmenkda Tarumanit n tasut tis kraḍet tettbeddil, imi tiggtiwin d tedyanin n usamar n tmenkda bdant ttnernint deg Ruma.

Elagabalus yeskanay-d daɣen belli Tmenkda Tarumanit ur telli ara d tɣerma n Ruma kan. Deg tasut tis kraḍet, Surya, Lezzayer n wass-a d tefriqt n ugafa, Masr, Anatolia d tmura nniḍen llan d iḥricen igejdanen n tmenkda. Imdanen seg yidgan-a zemren ad awḍen ula ɣer uselway unnig n tmenkda.