Bitcoin

Bitcoin(s teqbaylit: Bitkuyn) d asuṛdi umḍin i d-yennulfan deg useggas n 2009 sɣur yiwen umdan udrig yewwin isem n Satoshi Nakamoto. Ur yesɛi ara lbanka talemmast, d anagraw aruslemmes.

1. Tatiknulujit n Uzrar n Iḥedran

Iwakken ad yetteddu, Bitcoin yebna ɣef yiwet n ttiknulujit i wumi qqaṛen "Blockchain" neɣ azrar n iḥedran. Ttiknulujit-a d taffa n isefka tazayezt anda ttusekelsen akk tnigawin yettilin gar yiseqdacen. Taffa-ya tella ɣer yal aseqdac deg uzeṭṭa, d ayen i tt-yettaǧǧan ad tili tesɛa lettkal yerna ur tezmir ara ad tettwasedɣel.

2. Awgelhan d Tɣellist

Iwakken ad yili umesten d tɣellist, anagraw-a yesseqdac awgelhan. Yal aseqdac yesɛa tayuga n tsura : tasarut tusligt i wuḥraz d wugdal n yedrimen-is d uzmel n tnigawin, akked tsarut tazayezt s wayes i as-d-ttceyyiɛen wiyaḍ idrimen.

3. Aselken d Ufares

Tinigawin mi ara d-ilint, ttusegrwent deg yiḥedran. Iwakken ad ttwaselknent yerna ad rnunt ɣer uzeṭṭa , iselkimen imzazzalen deg uzeṭṭa ttferrun uguren iwɛeṛen n tusnakt. Aselkim amezwaru ara yafen tifrat ad yernu iḥder ɣer uzrar, yerna ad yawi amur n Bitcoin d arraz. Amahil-a d win i wumi qqaṛen "mining" neɣ afares.

4. Talast n Wammud

Abaɣur ameqqran n Bitcoin d akken ammud-is yesɛa talast. Ur yezmir ara ad yili ugar n 21 n yimelyunen n Bitcoin deg umaḍal. Aya yettak-as azal, imi ur yezmir ara wadabu ad t-yessufeɣ akken is-yehwa neɣ ad isenqes seg wazal-is.

S umata, Bitcoin ibeddel tamuɣli-nneɣ ɣef teɣwalt tadamsant, imi yefka-d tagnit i wemdan ad yazen asuṛdi umḍin srid i wayeḍ mebla ma yeḥwaǧ lbanka neɣ awanek.

Amezruy n Bitcoin: Seg Tikti ɣer Tilawt

Amezruy n Bitcoin yebda-d s yiwet n tikti icudden ɣer tezɣent tadamsant taweɛrant n useggas 2008. Atah wamek i d-teḍra temsalt seg tazwara, s yisurifen d yiseggasen imeqqranen:

1. 2008: Tazɣent Tadamsant d Usnulfu n Tikti

Deg taggara n 2008, amaḍal yedder yiwet n tezɣent tadamsant meqqren, anda lbankat timeqqranin xeṣrent aṭas n yedrimen. Deg 31 Tuber 2008, yiwen umdan neɣ agraw n yimdanen s yisem udrig n Satoshi Nakamoto yessufeɣ-d yiwen weḍris ussnan (Whitepaper) iwumi yefka azwel: "Bitcoin: Anagraw n Usuṛdi Alikṭruni gar Yemdanen (Ayugan ɣer Wayugan)". Aḍris-a yessegza-d amek i yezmer ad yili usuṛdi yettwassen s tɣellist war ma tella lbanka talemmast ara t-iḍemnen.

2. 2009: Tlalit n Uzeṭṭa d Yiḥder Amezwaru

Iḥder n Tlalit: Ass n 3 Yennayer 2009, yebda uzeṭṭa n Bitcoin yetteddu s tidet. Satoshi yefres-d iḥder amezwaru deg uzrar n yiḥedran (Blockchain), i wumi semman "Iḥder n Tlalit" neɣ "Genesis Block". Iḥder-a yella deg-s yiwen yizen yeffren, d taseddart seg uɣmis abriṭani The Times ("The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks"), i d-yemmalen akken lbankat qrib ad ɣlint, d ayen i d-yeskanayen iswi amenzay n Bitcoin: abeddel n unagraw n lbankat aqbur.
Tinigawt Tamezwarut: Teḍra-d deg 12 Yennayer 2009, mi d-yuzen Satoshi 10 BTC i Hal Finney, yiwen n umesnulfu ameqqran n tɣellist d uwgelhan.

3. 2010: Tamesɣiwt Tamezwarut (Timesɣiwt n Pizzatin)

Azal n Bitcoin deg tazwara yella ur yeswi ara ula d yiwen centime. Ass n 22 Mayyu 2010, teḍra-d tinigawt tamezwarut n tidet s temesɣiwt tilawt. Yiwen umeskar isem-is Laszlo Hanyecz yeseɣ-d snat n tpizzatin s 10,000 n yibitcoinen (ayen yeswan imelyaren n dulaṛen ass-a). Ass-a, asfugel n wass-nni yettwassen s yisem n "Bitcoin Pizza Day", acku d ass i d-yesbanen belli Bitcoin yezmer ad yili d asuṛdi n tidet.

4. 2011: Tuɣalin n Satoshi ɣer Deffir

Deg useggas n 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto yefka tisura n usenfar i kra n yineflayen nniḍen, am Gavin Andresen, yerna yeḥbes akk asiwel neɣ taywalt. Seg wass-nni, yiwen ur yeẓri anwa i d amesnulfu n tidet n Bitcoin. Anwa yellan deffir tmagit-is yeqqim d adrug ameqqran ar ass-a.

5. 2012 ar Ass-a: Tamhazt d Usefti

Seg 2012 d asawen, Bitcoin yebda yettwassen ugar. Deg tazwara, ettwaseqdac sɣur waṭas deg uzeṭṭa uffir (Dark Web) am deg wulzuz n Silk Road, acku yella yettak tagnit i yimdanen ad xedmen tinigawin war isem.
D acu kan, s wakud, bdan yimdanen, tikebbaniyin timeqqranin, sseftayen deg-s.
Ass-a, Bitcoin yeqqel d asuṛdi umḍin amezwaru deg umaḍal. Kra n tmura, am El Salvador, rrant-t d asuṛdi unṣib deg tmurt-nsent, yerna yewweḍ wazal-is ɣer yiswiren ɛlayen aṭas.

S umata, amezruy n Bitcoin d amedya ɣef wamek yiwet n tikti n unagraw aruslemmes tezmer ad tbeddel tamuɣli n wamaḍal ɣef tedrimt, idrimen, d tbankiwin deg lqern wis 21.

Tadamsa d Tiẓraf

Asefti d Wamal: Ass-a, aṭas n yimdanen i yesseqdacen Bitcoin am allal n usefti. Ur t-ssexdamen ara aṭas iwakken ad aɣen tiɣawsiwin n yal ass, maca ḥerzen-t iwakken ad yali wazal-is.
Abeddel n Wazal: Azal n Bitcoin yezmer ad yali neɣ ad yebdu s zzerb deg yiwen n wass. Aya yettarra-t d asuṛdi yesɛan aṭas n umihi i wid ur nessin ara ad ssiḍnen akken iwata.
Ureɣ Umḍin: Aṭas n yimussnawen n tdamsa i iḥesben Bitcoin d "ureɣ amaynut", acku ammud-is yesɛa talast (21 imelyunen). Aya yettaǧǧa-t ad yili d amesten mgal anfal n yedrimen n lbanka.

Tatiknulujit d Uzeṭṭa

Tixriḍin Timḍinin: Iwakken ad tḥerzeḍ Ibitkuyn-inek·inem, teḥwaǧeḍ taxriḍt. Tella texriḍt yeqqnen ɣer Internet, d texriḍt i yettilin deg warrum i yettwaḥesben d tin iḍemnen taɣellist tasenselkamt s lǧehd mgal tukerḍa.
Azeṭṭa n Ujeǧǧig (Lightning Network): Azeṭṭa agejdan n Bitcoin d aẓayan yerna yettaṭṭafen aṭas n wakud iwakken ad iselken tinigawin. Iwakken ad fukkent tlufa-ya, snulfan-d "Lightning Network", d yiwet n tissi tis snat (Layer 2) i yettaǧǧan asiwel d usiweḍ n yedrimen ad yili d arurad yerna s rrxes.

3. Izerfan d Uslugen

Aslugen n Yiduba: Yal adabu neɣ awanek yesɛa tamuɣli-s ɣef Bitcoin. Kra n tmura rrant-t d asuṛdi unṣib (am El Salvador), tiyaḍ gdlent-t s lekmal (am Ccinwa). Aṭas n tmura i yettnadin ad xedment aslugen iwakken ad sekrent idrimen-nsent d tebzert (impôts).
Tukerḍa: Imi Bitcoin d udrig kra, ssexdamen-t kra n yimdanen i yir ccɣel (am uzenzi n yisufar igedlen deg Dark Web). Lbankat d yimsulta ttnadin tikwal ttawilat n tatiknulujit iwakken ad ḍefren imakaren.