Amedyaz

Amedyaz d amdan i izerwen u i d-isuffuɣen tamedyazt. Imedyazen zemren ad sbadun iman-nsen s yisem-agi, neɣ ad ten-id-sbadun wiyaḍ. Amedyaz yezmer ad yili d amesnazu (axemmim, amesnasli, ameskar neɣ amaru) i d-yettlusun tiseddarin (s tmiwa neɣ s tira), neɣ d win i d-isukkun taẓuri-s zdat n lɣaci.

Mahal n umedyaz d win n unirmes (communication), i d-isbegginen ixemmimen ama s unamek n tira (am uglam n yiwet n tmuɣli neɣ n wemkan) neɣ s unamek n tumnayt (metaphor). Imedyazen llan seg zman n umezruy amezwaru, deg tmeslayin meṛṛa, yerna d-fkan imahalen i d-yemgerraden seg yidles ɣer wayeḍ. Seg yal tɣerma d tutlayt, imedyazen semrasen yal ssenf n uɣanib i d-yettbeddilen s lweqt, d aya i d-yeglan s yimedyazen ur nḥisseb ara, yemgerraden am tsekla i d-suffuɣen seg mi i d-llant tarrayin n tira.

Amzruy

Imedyazen n zik

Tɣerma n Sumer tella d tagejdit deg umezruy n tmedyazt n zik. 'Taggala n Gilgamec', i d tamedyazt n tuggala i yettwassnen aṭas, tettwura deg tsuta tis tlata n Ur (Ur III) deg lqern wis 21 uqbel lmilad. Tifiriyin n tmedyazt-agi kemmlent deg tira d tuffɣa alamma d lqern wis 6 neɣ wis 1 n lqern uqbel lmilad. Ladɣa, imi i d-tekka seg tmiwa (tradition orale), amedyaz-is ur yettwassen ara.

Taqsiḍt n Sinuhe tella d tamedyazt n tullist i yettwassnen aṭas deg tgelda tanammast n Maṣer (Middle Kingdom), tettwura deg lqern wis 18 uqbel lmilad. Teḥka-d ɣef yiwen n wergaz n Maṣer isem-is Sinuhe, i yerwlen seg tamurt-is u yezdeɣ deg tmurt n lbeṛṛani alamma d tuɣalin-is, uqbel lmut-is s drus. Taqsiḍt n Sinuhe d yiwet seg tmedyazin n tullist i yellan deg Maṣer n zik. Imusnawen nnan-d belli Sinuhe d win i d-yuran taqsiḍt-is s yiman-is, iwakken ad d-yeglem tudert-is; daymi i d-nnan belli Sinuhe d argaz i yellan s tideț deg umezruy.

Deg Rum n zik, imedyazen n uswir llan s umata d wid i d-ttaken tallelt sɣur imḍebbren, gar-asen imeqqranen n tmetti d yiserdasen. Acku, Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, imeddukkal n Caesar Augustus, yella d amallal (patron) ameqqran n imedyazen n tallit n Augustus, gar-asen Horace d Virgil. Ovid, win yettwassnen aṭas deg tamedyazt, yettwanfa seg Rum sɣur Augustus amezwaru ɣef ljal n yiwet n tmedyazt-is.