Agladyatur

Agladyatur neɣ s wudem n usget Igladyaturen (s tlatinit : gladiatores, asuf : gladiator, seg wawal gladius i d-yemmalen "agestur" neɣ ajenwi) d irgazen n wurar d yimenɣi i d-yettqabalen s umrig(leslaḥ) zdat wegdud deg yisebdiriyen (am Ukulusyum) n Tmenkda Taṛumanit.

Aẓar d Umezruy

Urar n yigladyaturen ur d-yebdi ara s yimenkaden n Ṛuma, maca aẓar-is lqay di tmetti taṛumanit yettamnen s umyi n temḍelt.

Tirmit Tamezwarut (Munera) : Deg tazwara, asenɛet n yimenɣiwen yella yeqqen ɣer temḍelt n yimdanen imeqqranen (iṭruskiyen d yikampaniyen i d-yebdan ansay-a). Mi ara yemmet wemdan ameqqran (ameɣras), wid-is ssenkren-d imenɣi gar yiklan. Idammen-nni i d-yettazzalen deg lqaɛa ttwalan-ten d tasareɣt neɣ d asfel i d-yettawin talwit i ṛṛuḥ n lmayet di laxert. Ayagi yettusemma Munera (aɣan neɣ lwaǧeb).
Asedhu Asertan : S wakud, mi ara d-tekcem Ṛuma deg tallit-is tagdudant akked tmenkda-s, asenɛet-a yeffeɣ seg usatal n temḍelt, yuɣal d allal asertan. Imenkaden d yirgazen n tsertit sseqdacen urar-a akken ad awin ulawen n wegdud, ad as-fken tadfi d wuccu (ayen yettwassnen s tenfalit : Panem et circenses - Aɣrum d wuraren).

Azref d Tmetti

Di tmetti taṛumanit, igladyaturen llan sɛan yiwen n uẓayeṛ yeknan, maca tudert-nsen gar wegdud tella temgarad aṭas s wudem usaḍuf.

Anwa i d agladyatur ?

Iklan d Yimeḥbas n Wemgaru : D wid i d-ttawin s yiɣelluyen deg tmura tiberraniyin. D nutni i d amur ameqqran n yigladyaturen.
Iniɣiyen : Wid i d-ixulfen alugen neɣ yewwten ɣef usaḍuf aṛumani, ttwakksen-asen yizerfan-nsen, u ttwaḥekmen ɣef tmettant zdat yiɣersiwen neɣ zdat yigladyaturen nniḍen.
Ilelliyen d Yimaɣzalen : Kra n yimdanen n tserkemt talemmast, neɣ ula d wid n tserkemt n wedda yeffɣen i webrid, kecmen s lebɣi-nsen ɣer wurar akken ad nadin ɣef yedrimen akked tmanegt. Sseggzayen yiwen n ugatu i d-yettawin ɣef tudert-nsen d tmettant-nsen.

Aẓayeṛ-nsen

Akken yebɣu yili wamud-is, agladyatur di Ṛuma yeɣli deg lḥecma tunṣibt. Ulac fell-as agemmir n uɣarman. Xas akken, deg ubrid n yidles d tesnimant n wegdud, uɣalen d izumal, d imedyaten n tezmert d tirrugza. Tilawin ttaɣent-d awal fell-asen aṭas, yerna ttlusun aɣenbur akken ad mḍlen udem n umdan, ayen i yessishilen tinɣi-nsen zdat wegdud.

Tiwsitin n Yigladyaturen d Yimrigen

Igladyaturen ur llan ara lsan yiwen n umrig. Lḥirfa bnan-tt ɣef usemlal n snat n tewsitin yemgaraden, akken ad d-fken amnekni deg wennar. Yal tawsit tesɛa amrig-is ibanen :

Aretiyari (Retiarius) : Yetturar s taratta(s talɣa n uzeṭṭa), Agelzim n kraḍ yiccawen (trident), d uzzal ɣef yiɣil azelmaḍ. Ur yesɛi ara aɣenbur, yernu ur yesɛi taḥjurt ɣef yidmaren. Yettkel ɣef tazzla d trewla.
Asekutur (Secutor) : D axṣim asudan n uretiyari. Yesɛa aɣenbur alewwaɣ yesselsen akk aqerru-s am teqbuct, i wakken ur t-yeṭṭafar ara uzeṭṭa. Yetturar s ugestur awezlan d uɣaṛ.
Amurmilu (Murmillo) : Aɣenbur-is yebna ɣef talɣa n tɣerdayt n yilel. Yesɛa aɣaṛ ameqqran (Scutum) d ugestur aṛumani (Gladius).
Atraki (Thraex) : Yesɛa agestur ameknay neɣ akaraf (Sica) d uɣaṛ amecṭuḥ amkuẓ. Yettlusu aɣenbur yesɛan talɣa n yigider iwakken ad imel tamanegt.

Tudert deg Yiɣerbazen d Tilawt n Wennar

Aɣerbaz (Ludus)

Igladyaturen ttidiren deg yiɣerbazen lqayen yettusemman Ludi. D bab n uɣerbaz (Lanista) i yettkellfen s usileɣ-nsen. Sɛan imejjayen igerrzen nezzeh deg tallit-nni (am ɣalinyus / Galien) iwakken ad d-lhun s tezmert-nsen, acku igladyatur d idrimen. Aselmed ibedd ɣef tfekka d usenqes n umihi.

Deg Wennar

Mgal ayen d-ttawin yisura n wass-a, amgaru n yigladyaturen mačči d ayen yessufuɣen ɣer tmettant yal ass. D sṣenf n yimenɣi i yesɛan ilugan d usaḍuf, yerna yella unefray ara iḥebsen urar ma yewweḍ yiwen ɣer lḥedd-is.

Ma yewweḍ-d ugladyatur ad yexṣer s tezɣent, yezmer ad isuter tamella.
D amenkad (ma yella din) neɣ d agdud i d-yefkkan taɣtest taneggarut ɣef tagara n uɣelluy s useqdec n uḍad (Pollice verso - aḍad ɣer tqaɛet, neɣ ɣer daxel n ufus).

Tagara n Wurar d Tukkest

Urar n yigladyaturen iṭṭef aṭas n leqrun di tanzagt n Tmenkda Taṛumanit, maca yebda yessenqas seg lqern wis kraḍ d wis kuẓ :

Tazɣent tadamsant : Asexdem d usileɣ n yigladyaturen yeffeɣ-d s wazal ɣlayen aṭas, ayen ur tessaweḍ ara tmenkda ad t-txelleṣ gar tezeɣnin tidamsanin.
Tazrirt n Usɣan : S unekcum n usɣan amasiḥi ɣer ugerram n tmenkda, bdan-d yinaḍen mgal urar yettazzalen s yidammen.

Deg useggas 404, amenkad Unuryus (Honorius) yeḥrem s wudem unṣib akk uraren n yigladyaturen. Xas akken teḥbes "tmeɣra" n yidammen, ayen d-ǧǧan d tukkest tasertant ur yettwattu ara : uɣalen d amatar n useqdec n tdamsa s wudem n usmurer i tkufḍa d usedhu n wegdud.