Ḥatecpsut (Hatshepsut) d yiwet gar tgejdanin timeqqranin deg umezruy n Maṣer taqburt. Tella d aferɛun wis semmus n twacult tis mraw d tamt (18), teṭṭef adabu gar yiseggasen n 1478 akked 1458 uqbel n Ɛisa. Tettwassen nezzeh s talwit, taneflit n tdamsa, akked tsagda tameqrant i d-teǧǧa. Tawenza-s d yiwet gar tid yessewhamen maḍi deg umezruy amensay, imi d tameṭṭut i yewwḍen s aẓayeṛ n uferɛun ummid.
Tameddurt tamenzut: Ḥatecpsut d yelli-s n uferɛun Tutmus Amezwaru (Thoutmôsis I) akked tgellidt Yeɛmes.
Ḥatecpsut tlul-d ahat deg useggas n 1507 send n tlallit n Ɛisa, tella d yelli-s n uferɛun Tutmus Amezwaru (Thoutmôsis I) akked tgellidt-is tameqqrant Yeɛmes. Imi d yelli-s n uɣbalu ageldan agejdan, tedder deg yiwet n twennaḍt yesɛan lhiba tameqqrant deg tgarda n twacult tis mraw d ṭam. Ɣas akken tesɛa aytma-s imeqqranen seg tama n yemma-s, wid wumi qqaren Wadjmose akked Amenmose, lmut tewwi-ten d imecṭaḥ, d ayen i d-yeǧǧan Ḥatecpsut d nettat i d tamekkasut tawḥidt n uẓar ameqqran n baba-s. Ttrebga-s tella d tin lqayen nezzeh; deg temẓi-s tessen d acu i d adabu, teẓra amek i tteddun temsal n uwanek d tsertit n Maṣer taqburt, yerna tettusegma akken ad d-teḍfer ijerriden n tgellidin timeqqranin i tt-id-yezwaren.
Mi d-tewweḍ tmettant n baba-s Tutmus Amezwaru, tamurt tufa-d iman-is sdat n yiwet n tegnit icudden ɣer tukkest n udabu. Gma-s n Ḥatecpsut, Tutmus Wis Sin, i d-ilulen seg tmeṭṭut tis snat n baba-s (i wumi qqaren Mutnefret), d netta i d-yewwḍen ɣer umkan n uferɛun. Akken ad sseǧhden aẓayer akked tezmert n lḥekma-s, yerna ad sseḥbibren ɣef yidammen igeldanen izeddganen, ansay n tallit-nni yewwi-d ɣef Ḥatecpsut ad tezweǧ akked gma-s Tutmus Wis Sin. Seg tdukli-a, tuɣal d tagellidt tameqqrant n Maṣer u d tamasist n uferɛun aqerru.
Deg lweqt-nni daɣen, tewwi yiwen n uẓayeṛ asɣanan yesɛan azal meqqren maḍi, d aẓayeṛ n "Tmeṭṭut n Yakuc Amun". Tiwuriwin-is timaynutin fkant-as-d lhiba, tazmert, akked udellel deg ufukan ameqqran n Karnak, yerna ssalyent aẓayeṛ-is sdat n yigaggen d ugdud n tmurt. S wakka, tirmit i d-tewwi deg temẓi-s d tnezmart i tesɛa deg tsertit d tsɣanit heggan-tt-id ad teṭṭef adabu gar yifassen-is mi i d-tewweḍ teswiɛt, ayen i tt-yeǧǧan ad tuɣal s yin ɣer sdat d aferɛun s wudem ummid yettwassnen deg umaḍal.
Azbu d Tenbaḍt: Mi yemmut urgaz-is, Tutmus Wis Sin (i yellan diɣen d gma-s s yiwet n tama), mmi-s n urgaz-is yellan d amekkasu — Tutmus Wis Kraḍ — yella d amecṭuḥ aṭas ur yezmir ara ad yenbaḍ. Ɣef waya, Ḥatecpsut teṭṭef adabu deg tazwara am tenbaḍt(tagellidt).
Mi yemmut uferɛun Tutmus Wis Sin, adabu n tmurt n Maṣer aqbur yeɣli-d s wudem unṣib gar yifassen n Tutmus Wis Kraḍ, i d-ilulen seg tmeṭṭut tis snat (Iset). Imi amekkasu n udabu yella d amecṭuḥ aṭas, ur yewwiḍ ara leɛmer ilaqen iwaken ad yeṭṭef adabu, ur yezmir ara ad iseddu timsal n uwanek d tdamsa. Ɣef waya, Ḥatecpsut, i yellan d tagellidt tameqqrant, tewwi-d ɣef tuyat-is taɣtest n tenbaḍt akken ad teḥrez amkan-is. Deg yiseggasen imezwura, tella tetteddu s unect n walugen amensayen n tallit-nni, tettekki deg tsertit akked tedbelt s yisem n mmi-s n urgaz-is, tettak-as udem-is d wazal-is sdat n ugdud. Maca, akken tettuddu tanezagt n udabu-s, tennekni tmuɣli-s ɣer wayen-nniḍen, dɣa tebda tessebgan-d lḥir-is d tnezmart-is i lebɣi n udabu s wudem ummid.
Deg yiwen n wezbu srid mgal ilugan d wansayen yessersen tullas deg rrif n udabu afellay, Ḥatecpsut tebda tessekcam aẓayeṛ-is ɣer ugerruj n tgelda s timmad-is. Ur teqqim ara kan d tanbaḍt iwumi kfan wassaɣen, maca tesnerna deg tiwuriwin-is armi terra iman-is d aferɛun ummid. Akken ad tsers taɣtest-a u ad teḥrez iman-is seg tuzzma neɣ anṭag n yicenga-s, tessaram ad tegzu s umata tsertit-is s ujmaɛ n yimendiden isertiyen akked yigaggen yesɛan tazrirt meqqren deg wadeg n udabu, am umazzan d umseddag ameqqran Senenmut, akked Hapuseneb i yellan d amɣar n ufakan n Yakuc Amun. Tesseqdec tasɣanit d tsertit deg yiwet n temhelt iwulmen, tessufeɣ-d yiwet n tenfust ɣef tlallit-is anda d-tenna belli d nettat i d yelli-s tunṣibt n Yakuc Amun, yerna baba-s Tutmus Amezwaru d netta i tt-yextaren s wudem uzzig ad teṭṭef udabu n Maṣer. Ayagi yeǧǧa-tt ad tesbedd yiwen n usatal asɣanan iwulmen akken ad teqqen adabu-s ɣer lebɣi n yikucen.
Tenbaḍt n Ḥatecpsut ur tbedd ara ɣef umgaru neɣ ɣef teḥraymit taserdasit, maca tbedd ɣef wallaɣ, tanflit, d tussna. S tsertit n uqenneɛ akked uheggi n twennaḍt n telwit, tezmer ad tsers lsas n ludabu-s s tebɣest, u ad tessizdeg iberdan n tnezzut i yellan ttwaqeflen seg tallit n unekcum n yihiksusen. Tanbaḍt-is tefka azal ameqqran i unegmu n tmurt, asebɣer n tdamsa, akked lebni n yisalayen d ifukan, ayen i d-yewwin tamanegt meqqren i tgelda-s. S wakka, teǧǧa-d isem-is d agrawliw deg tsertit n tallit-nni, tesbeggen-d belli taɣara n uferɛun ur tcudd ara ɣer tewsit n urgaz kan, maca ɣer tezmert n usemdu yelhan akked tehregt i d-yessalwayen lsas n tmurt lqayen.
Asenɛet n Tnezmart: S kra n wakud, teffeɣ-d Ḥatecpsut akken ad terra iman-is d aferɛun unṣib. Deg tzelɣiwin d yisebdaden-is, tuɣal tettsunnuɣ iman-is s wudem n urgaz, tettlus tamart n yiferɛunen, akken ad tessebded aẓayeṛ-is sdat n ugdud, d yigaggen, akked yigensasen n tmurt.
Akken ad tessebded aẓayeṛ-is d uzzig u ad tessekcem iman-is di twenza n yiferɛunen imeqqranen, Ḥatecpsut tefren ad tbeddel udem i s-tefka i dunnit. Deg tazwara, asenɛet n tnezmart-is yebda s useqdec n yimyerren n udabu afaraɛuni, i yellan zik icudd kan ɣer yergazen. Teẓra belli agdud akked yigaggen n tmurt n Maṣer taqburt ttqadaren aṭas ansayen yersen, ɣef waya terra lwelha-s ɣer tẓuri d tsreɣta akken ad d-tessufeɣ tugna tamaynut i timmad-is. Deg yisebdaden-is akked tamiwin n ifukan, tuɣal tettsunnuɣ iman-is s wudem n urgaz: tettlus tamart n yiferɛunen i d-yemmalen lhiba, teṭṭef deg yifassen-is allalen n tezmert (am uqerruy n tqejjurt d ucelliḍ n udabu), yerna tettlus aɣenbur igeldanen. Ayagi ur yelli ara d asuffeɣ n tuntit-is, maca d asenɛet alɣawan belli nettat d aferɛun s wudem ummid, tesɛa azref akked lḥeqq am wid i tt-id-yezwaren ɣer wemkan-nni.
Sennig n tugniwin, Ḥatecpsut tesnerna deg usenɛet n tnezmart-is s useqdec n yisemliyen n tsertit akked wesɣan. Tessekcem isem-is deg yal asenfaṛ n lebni ameqqran, tessaweḍ armi tessuddes yiwet n tesreḍt i tt-yerran d yelli-s n Yakuc Amun s timmad-is. S usnulfu n tenfust n tlallit-is, tessaweḍ ad tqenneɛ imendiden-is akked yicenga-s belli aẓayeṛ-is yekka-d srid seg yikucen. Imi tessaweḍ ad tesseqdec tasreɣta, tutlayt, akked taywalt i lfayda n ussebded n tgeldit-is, Ḥatecpsut teǧǧa-d amedya ameqqran n wamek i yezmer usesmel asertan ad yesseǧhed llsas n tmurt. Tanezmart-a tefka-as tanzagt deg lḥekma-s, teǧǧa-tt ad tesbedd awanek-is s talwit armi teqqel d azamul n uferɛun imnekdi i yessawḍen ad isebɣer tamurt-is nezzeh.
Tanbaḍt n Ḥatecpsut ur tbedd ara ɣef umgaru d uɣeṣṣab, maca tbedd ɣef usebɣer n tdamsa akked tnezzut.
Afakan n "Deir el-Bahari' n ḤatecpsutTizelgi ɣer tmurt n Punt: Tessekker yiwet n tzelgi tameqqrant s lbabuṛat ɣer tmurt n Punt (i d-yezgan ahat deg tmurt n Ṣumal n tura). Tizelgi-a d tin i d-yewwin tamanegt d tameqqrant i Maṣer.
Isuɣam: Tizelgi-a tekcem-d s waṭas n tɣawsiwin ixuṣṣen deg Maṣer, am lebxur, ureɣ, iselman iberkanen, iɣsan n yilew, akked yisekla n lmir (myrrhe). Ayagi yefka-d tazmert d usfari ufrir i tdamsa n tmurt-is.
D afakan n tẓallit d usemḍel-is i d-yezgan s rrif n yiɣraben n wedrar. Tettuneḥsab d yiwet gar tɣawsiwin yufraren i yessewhamen deg tsɣaliyt n umaḍal aqbur, s tseddarin-is timeqranin akked teɣriwen-is tisemlalin.
Afakan asemḍal n Ḥatecpsut, i wumi semman Djeser-Djeseru (Agerram n yigerramen neɣ Imeqddes n yimeqddsen deg tutlayt tamaṣrit taqburt), d yiwen gar yiketturen yufraren maḍi deg umezruy n tsegda talsant. Yezga-d deg tɣalat n Deir el-Bahari, ɣef rrif utrim n wasif n Nil, sdat n temdint n Thebes (Tiba). Ayen yessewhamen deg lebni-a d amek i d-yettwabna srid deg yiɣraben isawnen n wedrar n uẓru awraɣ, am wakken d adrar s timmad-is i t-id-yurwen. Asalay-a(neɣ ifukan-a) ur d-yennulfi ara kan akken ad yili d amkan n usmekti, maca d tukkest isersen llsas n tsegda tamaynut i yessawḍen ad tesdukkel gar tcuddi n ugama akked tmanegt n udabu aferɛun.
Tasegda n Djeser-Djeseru tbedd ɣef wallaɣ n umseddag ameqqran Senenmut, i yellan d amazzan aqerruy, d argaz n tsertit, yerna d amdan iqeṛben nezzeh ɣer tgellidt. Netta yessufeɣ-d yiwet n talɣa tamaynut i yeffɣen i wansayen n tzamugin i d-yennulfan uqbel-is, d tigi i yettwaɣen s waṭas n tukerḍiwin. Agerram-a yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n tɣerɣrin timeqqranin, yiwet sennig n tayeḍ, mseddukklent s yisawnen imeqqranen i d-yettaken abrid ɣer wammas. Yal taɣerɣert tettdal-itt tɣurfet n tgida i d-yettaken udem n tnezmart akked lqedd imnekdi, ayen i d-yesnulfuyen yiwet n tmella gar tifawawt n yiṭij akked tilit n tgejda-is. Zik-nni, afakan-a yella yezzi-as-d urti ameqqran yeččuṛen d isekla n lebxur d lmir i d-yewwi yimenzi seg tmurt n Punt.
Ayen i d-yemmalen ccan n ufakan-a mačči kan d talɣa-s tuzzigt, maca daɣen d tisreɣtin akked wunuɣen igazalen i yeččuṛen iɣraben-is. Dagi i d-tessers Ḥatecpsut udem ameqqran n taywalt tasertant i wakken ad tesseǧhed aẓayeṛ-is. Deg yiwet n tama, tessunneɣ-d tanfust n tlallit-is tasnallawit, anda i d-tesbeggen s wudem alɣawan belli d yelli-s n Yakuc Amun, d ayen i s-yefkan azref unṣib sdat n wuglan n wid yebɣan ad as-kksen adabu. Deg tama nniḍen, yiwen seg yiɣraben imeqqranen yettales-d s telqayt tizelgi tameqqrant i tga ɣer tmurt n Punt, yettban-d deg-s usenɛet n lbabuṛat i d-yeččuṛen s iselman, iɣsan n yilew, idrimen, i d-yemmalen asebɣer akked tsareɣt n tdamsa n tgelda-s.
Sennig n usmekti n udabu-ines, Deir el-Bahari yella d asɣim n tẓallit i waṭas n yikucen. Yella deg-s wemkan ameqqran n weɛbad n Amun, maca llan daɣen yigerramen imeẓyanen i yettwafkan i Hathor, takuct n tayri d tiẓeṭ (i yettwasunɣen s wudem n tfunast), akked Anubis, akuc n tmettant. Aseddukkel n yisɣimen-a yerra afakan-nni d ammas asɣanan yettfeǧǧiǧen i yessemlalen asnemmer n yikucen akked tmanegt n Ḥatecpsut d baba-s Tutmus Amezwaru. Ɣas akken llan wid yeɛreḍn ad mḥun isem-is u ad rẓen isebdaden-is s deffir n lmut-is, lebni n Deir el-Bahari yeqqim d inigi ijehhden ɣef tebɣest n tmeṭṭut i yessawḍen ad tesbedd yiwen gar yiketturen imeqqranen maḍi deg umezruy n talsa.
Tessuli aṭas n yisebdaden isawnen deg Karnak, i yellan d inigan ɣef lǧehd akked lhiba n tgelda-s.
Ɣas akken asalay ameqqran n Deir el-Bahari yella d tikkest n tmanegt-is, Ḥatecpsut ur tezgil ara afakan ameqqran n Karnak, i yellan d ul n tsreɣta d tsertit deg tmurt n Maṣer taqburt. Afakan-a, i yettwafkan i Yakuc Amun, yella d amkan anda i d-yettban udem n tezmert n uferɛun sdat n ugdud d yigaggen. Akken ad tessebgen tayri-s d tnezmart-is, Ḥatecpsut tefka azal ameqqran i wesnerni n lebni deg ufakan-a, u terna-d ɣur-s ayen iwumi neqqar "Isebdaden" imeqqranen.
Isebdaden n Karnak d yiwet gar tɣawsiwin yessewhamen deg tsɣaliyt n tgelda n Ḥatecpsut. Tessekcem s afakan-nni sin n yisebdaden imneqqden i d-yettwaxedmen s ugranit azeggaɣ (aẓru asṭwani), i d-yettwakksen s dderb gar yidurar n usammer n tama n usamar n Aswan. Yiwen seg yisebdaden-a mazal-it ibedd ar ass-a s tmanegt-is: yewweḍ ɣer 28,5 n lmitrat deg teɣzi, ma d taẓayt-is tugar 340 n yitunan. D wagi i d asebdad aqbur aɣezfan akk i d-yegran ibedd deg umaḍal. Lebni d wusuɣef[1] n yisebdaden-a ur yelli ara d ayen isehlen; yewwi-d ad ten-id-gellun s lbabuṛat d imeqqranen ɣef wasif n Nil, d asenfaṛ i d-yeskanayen aseddag anejmaway[2] n uwanek.
Asebded n yisebdaden-a ur yelli ara kan i ccbaḥa. Deg lsas akked yidisan n yisebdaden-a, tettwaru yiwet n tewtilin s tira tahiruglifit i d-yettalsen tanfust n Ḥatecpsut d wamek i tt-yextar Yakuc Amun s timmad-is akken ad teṭṭef adabu. Akken ad rnun sser d lhiba, tiqacucin n yisebdaden-a llant ttwaɣumment s yiwen n usemlal n wureɣ d lfeṭṭa yettusemman "iliktrum" (électrum). Amqelleɛ-a yella yettarra-d tifawawt n yiṭij n tnezzayt(ssbeḥ), yessawḍen isebdaden-a ad sebrurqen amzun d itran i d-yessirqen deg tlemmast n ufakan n Karnak.
Ayen issewhamen diɣen deg tnefkit n yisebdaden-a d ayen i asen-yeḍran s deffir lmut n Ḥatecpsut. Mi d-yewweḍ mmi-s n urgaz-is Tutmus Wis Kraḍ ɣer udabu, yebda yiwen n unṭag s wudem n umḥu n yisem-is (damnatio memoriae). Imi ur yezmir ara ad ihudd isebdaden-a isennanen s lqedd-nsen imekdi, yufa-d yiwet n tsebba: yebna-yasen iɣraben d imeqqranen i ten-yessentalen sdat wallen n lɣaci, yerna yeɣumm tira-nni i d-yettmektayen isem-is.
Maca, akken tebɣa tewenza, iɣraben-nni i yebna akken ad ten-yeffer u ad iḥebbes taywalt n tmanegt-is, d nutni i ten-iḥerzen seg nnger akked ucewwi n lweqt, d ayen i ten-yeǧǧan ad ɛeddin i tsutwin, ad d-awḍen ɣer wass-a d inigan imeqqranen ɣef tgelda n tmeṭṭut-a.
Mi temmut Ḥatecpsut (ahat deg 1458 u.Ɛ), Tutmus Wis Kraḍ yeṭṭef adabu s wudem unṣib.
Tukkest n Yisem-is: Kra n yiseggasen s deffir n lmut-is, Tutmus yebda yiwet n temhelt akken ad yemḥu isem-is seg yisebtar n umezruy. Ismawen-is ttwekksen seg yiɣraben, isebdaden-is ttwarẓen, dɣa isem-is yettwakkes seg tsiḍent n yiferɛunen. Iswi yella d usfari n tmezwarut i uḥric n yergazen deg tewsit.
Asnirem d Tuɣalin: Ɣas akken llan wid yebɣan ad tt-rren ɣer tatut, imnadiyen n tesenzikt tatrart ufan-d aṭas n yimataren d isemliyen i d-yemmalen tilin-is. Ass-a, tuɣal d azamul n tebɣest, tettwassen d yiwet gar tigellidin timeqranin maḍi n umezruy alsan.
↑Awal "asuɣef" yettuseqdec deg uḍris-nni akken ad d-yemmel tigawt n usbeddi, asali, neɣ asers d asawen n tɣawsa. Yemqabal-d awal n tefransist "érection" neɣ "hissement" n usebdad.
↑Awal "anejmaway" (neɣ tanejmawayt deg wudem n unti) yettuseqdec i wakken ad d-yefk anamek n "logistique" s tefransist.
